ASTM D1657-02(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light Hydrocarbons by Pressure Hydrometer
Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light Hydrocarbons by Pressure Hydrometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The density or relative density of light hydrocarbons and liquefied petroleum gases is used in custody transfer quantity calculations or to satisfy transportation, storage, and regulatory requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density or relative density of light hydrocarbons including liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) having Reid vapor pressures exceeding 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi).
1.2 The prescribed apparatus should not be used for materials having vapor pressures higher than 1.4 MPa (200 psi) at the test temperature. This pressure limit is dictated by the type of equipment. Higher pressures may apply to other equipment designs.
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. Both SI and customary units have been rounded so that they may not be exactly equivalent.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1657–02 (Reapproved 2007)
Designation: Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 9.2
Standard Test Method for
Density or Relative Density of Light Hydrocarbons by
Pressure Hydrometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1657; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density
(API MPMS Chapter 11.1)
or relative density of light hydrocarbons including liquefied
petroleum gases (LPG) having Reid vapor pressures exceeding
3. Terminology
101.325 kPa (14.696 psi).
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 The prescribed apparatus should not be used for mate-
3.1.1 density, n—the mass of liquid per unit volume at 15°C
rials having vapor pressures higher than 1.4 MPa (200 psi) at
and its saturation pressure with the standard unit of measure-
the test temperature. This pressure limit is dictated by the type
ment being kilograms per cubic metre.
of equipment. Higher pressures may apply to other equipment
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Other reference temperatures, such as
designs.
20°Cmaybeusedforsomeproductsorinsomelocations.Less
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
preferredunitsofmeasurement;forexample,kg/Lorg/mL,are
Thevaluesinparenthesesareforinformationonly.BothSIand
still in use.
customary units have been rounded so that they may not be
3.1.2 relative density (specific gravity), n—the ratio of the
exactly equivalent.
mass of a given volume of liquid at a specific temperature to
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the mass of an equal volume of pure water at the same or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
different temperature. Both reference temperatures shall be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
explicitly stated.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Common reference temperatures in-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
clude 60/60°F, 20/20°C, 20/4°C. The historic deprecated term
2. Referenced Documents “specific gravity” may still be found.
2 3.1.3 thermohydrometer, n—a glass hydrometer with a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
self-contained mercury thermometer.
D1250 GuideforUseofthePetroleumMeasurementTables
D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP)
4. Summary of Test Method
Gases, Manual Method
4.1 The apparatus is purged with a portion of the sample
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
before filling with the portion to be used for testing. The
E100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
pressure cylinder is filled to a level at which the enclosed
hydrometer floats freely, and the cylinder is then placed in a
constant-temperature bath. When the temperature has reached
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and theAPI Committee on Petroleum Measure-
equilibrium, the hydrometer reading and the temperature of the
ment, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ on
sample are noted.
Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API).
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally
5. Significance and Use
approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D1657–02. DOI:
10.1520/D1657-02R07.
5.1 Thedensityorrelativedensityoflighthydrocarbonsand
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
liquefied petroleum gases is used in custody transfer quantity
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
calculations or to satisfy transportation, storage, and regulatory
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. requirements.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1657–02 (2007)
6. Apparatus 7. Reference Liquids
7.1 The following reference liquids are required for stan-
6.1 Hydrometers, graduated in density with a range from
dardization of the hydrometer:
500 to 650 kg/m , or in relative density with a range from
7.1.1 Propane, pure grade, having a nominal density of
0.500 to 0.650, and conforming to the dimensions in Specifi-
507.6 kg/m at 15°C or a relative density 60/60°F of 0.50699.
cation E100.
(Warning—Extremely flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Vapors
6.1.1 Thermohydrometers, for field applications, thermohy-
may cause flash fire.) The density of the reference liquid used
drometers may be more convenient than hydrometers with
shall be known.
separate thermometers. They shall conform to Specification
7.1.2 Butane, pure grade, having a nominal density of
E100, Thermohydrometer Nos. 101H or 310H. 3
584.1 kg/m at 15°C or a relative density 60/60°F of 0.5840.
6.1.1.1 Thermohydrometers shall be of suitable range and
(Warning—Extremely flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Vapors
have dimensions to float freely within the pressure hydrometer
may cause flash fire.) The density of the reference liquid used
cylinder with clearances of 5 mm at the wall and 25 mm at the
shall be known.
top and bottom.
8. Sampling
6.1.1.2 The test report shall state that a thermohydrometer
was used.
8.1 Unless otherwise specified, samples of liquid hydrocar-
bons shall be obtained by the procedures described in Practice
6.2 Hydrometer Cylinder, constructed of transparent plastic;
D1265. The procedure for sampling for verification of the
for example, poly(methyl methacrylate) or equivalent material,
apparatus and for subsequent testing is described as follows.
conforming to the design and recommended dimensions given
8.1.1 Connect the source of supply of the liquid to be tested
in Fig. 1. The cylinder shall be of such dimensions that the
to the inlet valve by suitable fittings so that a representative
hydrometer shall float freely within it.The ends shall be tightly
sample can be introduced into the cylinder.Ascertain that these
sealed with neoprene gaskets and metal end plates as shown in
connections are free of leaks. Open the outlet and vent valves
Fig. 1.(Warning—A protective shield shall be placed around
and purge the sampling connections by opening the inlet valve
the cylinder. Replace any cylinders that show signs of fogging,
slightly, permitting the product to flow through the outlet valve
crazing, cracking, or etching.)
atthebottomofthecylinderandtheventvalveatthetopofthe
NOTE 1—Certain compounds attack plastics and cloud the inner surface
cylinder.
of the cylinder, making it difficult or impossible to read the hydrometer.
8.1.2 When the connections have been purged, close the
Tests showed no attack by ethane, ethene (ethylene), propane, propylene,
outlet and vent valves and open the inlet valve, permitting the
butane, methylpropane (isobutane), butenes (normal butylenes), methyl-
liquid to enter the cylinder until it is full. If necessary, the vent
propene (isobutylene), pentane, and methylbutane (isopentane), and no
valve can be opened slightly to permit complete filling of the
attack is expected from butadiene and acetaldehyde. Users are cautioned,
cylinder after which it shall be closed. At no time shall the
however, to clean the cylinder thoroughly after each determination.
pressure in the cylinder be allowed to rise above a gage
Ketones and alcohols should not be used for cleaning as they attack and
pressure of 1.4 MPa (200 psi).
weaken plastics while aromatics also tend to attack the surface of plastics
and should similarly not be used. A light aliphatic hydrocarbon is 8.1.3 Whenthecylinderhasbeenfilled,closetheinletvalve
recommended for cleaning. (Warning—Extremely flammable. Harmful if
and open the outlet and vent valves, permitting the contents of
inhaled. Vapors may cause flash fire.)
the cylinder to be withdrawn completely and the pressure
inside the cylinder to be returned to atmospheric pressure.
6.2.1 The liquid inlet valve and the liquid outlet valve shall
8.1.4 Close the outlet and vent valves and open the inlet
be tightly connected to a base plate that shall be bored to give
valve, filling the cylinder to a level at which the enclosed
both valves a common inlet to the cylinder. The vapor vent
hydrometer floats freely. If it is necessary to accomplish this
valve shall be similarly connected to the top plate, which shall
filling by venting vapor through the vent valve, repeat the
be bored to provide a vapor outlet from the pressure cylinder.
purging to cool the cylinder sufficiently to permit its being
All valves shall be 6 mm ( ⁄4 in.) or equivalent needle valves.
filled without venting.
6.2.2 The cylinder shall not be operated at a gage pressure
8.1.5 With all valves closed, examine the apparatus for
greater than
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