ASTM E3100-22
(Guide)Standard Guide for Acoustic Emission Examination of Concrete Structures
Standard Guide for Acoustic Emission Examination of Concrete Structures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Real-time detection and assessment of cracks and other flaws in concrete structures is of great importance. A number of methods have been developed and standardized in recent decades for non-destructive evaluation of concrete structures as well as methods for in-place evaluation of concrete properties. Review of some of these methods can be found in ACI 228.2R-13, ACI 228.1R-03, and ACI 437R-03. They include visual inspection, stress-wave methods such as impact echo, pulse velocity, impulse response, nuclear methods, active and passive infrared thermography, ground-penetrating radar and others. These methods in most of the cases are not used for overall inspection of the concrete structure due to limited accessibility, significant thickness of concrete components, or other reasons and are not applied for continuous long-term monitoring. Further, these methods cannot be utilized for estimation of flaw propagation rate or evaluation of flaw sensitivity to operational level loads or environmental changes, or both.
5.2 In addition to the previously mentioned non-destructive tests methods, vibration, displacement, tilt, shock, strain monitoring, and other methods have been applied to monitor, periodically or continuously, various factors that can affect the integrity of concrete structures during operation. However, these methods monitor risk factors that are not necessarily associated with actual damage accumulation in the monitored structures.
5.3 Monitoring the opening or elongation of existing cracks can be performed as well using different technologies. These may include moving scales (Fig. 1), vibrating wire, draw wire, or other crack opening displacement meters, optical and digital microscopes, strain gages, or visual assessment. However, this type of monitoring is only applicable to surface cracks and requires long monitoring periods.
FIG. 1 Moving Scale Crack Opening Monitor
5.4 This guide is meant to be used for development of acoustic emission a...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the application of acoustic emission (AE) technology for examination of concrete and reinforced concrete structures during or after construction, or in service.
1.2 Structures under consideration include but are not limited to buildings, bridges, hydraulic structures, tunnels, decks, pre/post-tensioned (PT) structures, piers, nuclear containment units, storage tanks, and associated structural elements.
1.3 AE examinations may be conducted periodically (short-term) or monitored continuously (long-term), under normal service conditions or under specially designed loading procedures. Examples of typical examinations are the detection of growing cracks in structures or their elements under normal service conditions or during controlled load testing, long term monitoring of pre-stressed cables, and establishing safe operational loads.
1.4 AE examination results are achieved through detection, location, and characterization of active AE sources within concrete and reinforced concrete. Such sources include micro- and macro-crack development in concrete due to loading scenarios such as fatigue, overload, settlement, impact, seismicity, fire and explosion, and also environmental effects such as temperature gradients and internal or external chemical attack (such as sulfate attack and alkali-silica reaction) or radiation. Other AE source mechanisms include corrosion of rebar or other metal parts, corrosion and rupture of cables in pre-stressed concrete, as well as friction due to structural movement or instability, or both.
1.5 This guide discusses selection of the AE apparatus, setup, system performance verification, detection and processing of concrete damage related AE activity. The guide also provides approaches that may be used in analysis and interpretation of acoustic emission data, assessment of examination results and establishing accept/reject criteria.
1.6 Units—The values stated ...
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3100 − 22
Standard Guide for
1
Acoustic Emission Examination of Concrete Structures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3100; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope tation of acoustic emission data, assessment of examination
results and establishing accept/reject criteria.
1.1 This guide describes the application of acoustic emis-
sion (AE) technology for examination of concrete and rein-
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
forced concrete structures during or after construction, or in
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
service.
standard.
1.2 Structures under consideration include but are not lim-
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ited to buildings, bridges, hydraulic structures, tunnels, decks,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
pre/post-tensioned (PT) structures, piers, nuclear containment
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
units, storage tanks, and associated structural elements.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.3 AE examinations may be conducted periodically (short-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
term) or monitored continuously (long-term), under normal
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
service conditions or under specially designed loading proce-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
dures. Examples of typical examinations are the detection of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
growing cracks in structures or their elements under normal
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
service conditions or during controlled load testing, long term
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
monitoring of pre-stressed cables, and establishing safe opera-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tional loads.
1.4 AE examination results are achieved through detection,
2. Referenced Documents
location, and characterization of active AE sources within
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
concrete and reinforced concrete. Such sources include micro-
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
and macro-crack development in concrete due to loading
Testing
scenarios such as fatigue, overload, settlement, impact,
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
seismicity, fire and explosion, and also environmental effects
E1932 Guide for Acoustic Emission Examination of Small
such as temperature gradients and internal or external chemical
Parts
attack (such as sulfate attack and alkali-silica reaction) or
E2374 Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance
radiation. Other AE source mechanisms include corrosion of
Verification
rebar or other metal parts, corrosion and rupture of cables in
3
pre-stressed concrete, as well as friction due to structural
2.2 ANSI/ASNT Standards:
movement or instability, or both.
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
1.5 This guide discusses selection of the AE apparatus,
setup, system performance verification, detection and process- ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Cer-
tification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
ing of concrete damage related AE activity. The guide also
provides approaches that may be used in analysis and interpre-
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on Acoustic contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Emission Method. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E3100 – 17. DOI: Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/E3100-22. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3100 − 22
4
2.3 AIA Standard: well as methods for in-place evaluation of concrete properties.
NAS-410 Certificati
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E3100 − 17 E3100 − 22
Standard Guide for
1
Acoustic Emission Examination of Concrete Structures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3100; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide describes the application of acoustic emission (AE) technology for examination of concrete and reinforced concrete
structures during or after construction, or in service.
1.2 Structures under consideration include but are not limited to buildings, bridges, hydraulic structures, tunnels, decks,
pre/post-tensioned (PT) structures, piers, nuclear containment units, storage tanks, and associated structural elements.
1.3 AE examinations may be conducted periodically (short-term) or monitored continuously (long-term), under normal service
conditions or under specially designed loading procedures. Examples of typical examinations are the detection of growing cracks
in structures or their elements under normal service conditions or during controlled load testing, long term monitoring of
pre-stressed cables, and establishing safe operational loads.
1.4 AE examination results are achieved through detection, location, and characterization of active AE sources within concrete and
reinforced concrete. Such sources include micro- and macro-crack development in concrete due to loading scenarios such as
fatigue, overload, settlement, impact, seismicity, fire and explosion, and also environmental effects such as temperature gradients
and internal or external chemical attack (such as sulfate attack and alkali-silica reaction) or radiation. Other AE source mechanisms
include corrosion of rebar or other metal parts, corrosion and rupture of cables in pre-stressed concrete, as well as friction due to
structural movement or instability, or both.
1.5 This guide discusses selection of the AE apparatus, setup, system performance verification, detection and processing of
concrete damage related AE activity. The guide also provides approaches that may be used in analysis and interpretation of acoustic
emission data, assessment of examination results and establishing accept/reject criteria.
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on Acoustic
Emission Method.
Current edition approved June 1, 2017Dec. 1, 2022. Published June 2017December 2022. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
E3100 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/E3100–17.10.1520/E3100-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3100 − 22
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E1932 Guide for Acoustic Emission Examination of Small Parts
E2374 Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance Verification
3
2.2 ANSI/ASNT Standards:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
4
2.3 AIA StandardStandard:
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Personnel (Quality Assurance Committee)
5
2.4 ISO Standard:
ISO 9712 Non-Destructive Testing-Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
6
2.5 American Concrete Institute DocumentsACI Documents:
ACI 228.2R-13 Report on Nondes
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.