ASTM D4886-88(1995)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Geotextiles (Sand Paper/Sliding Block Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Geotextiles (Sand Paper/Sliding Block Method)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of resistance of geotextiles to abrasion using an abrasion tester. This test method at this point has only been evaluated for geotextiles-not geomembranes, grids, etc. Therefore, the test method is designated for geotextiles, not geosynthetics, as all products may not lend themselves to this test method for abrasion. If later developments indicate a wider scope for this test method, appropriate changes will be made.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in inch-pound units are provided as information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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e1
Designation: D 4886 – 88 (Reapproved 1995)
Standard Test Method for
Abrasion Resistance of Geotextiles (Sand Paper/Sliding
Block Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4886; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Paragraph 3.1.1 was corrected.
1. Scope dation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical engineering
related material as an integral part of a man-made project,
1.1 This test method covers the determination of resistance
structure, or system. D 4439
of geotextiles to abrasion using an abrasion tester. This test
3.1.4 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
method at this point has only been evaluated for geotextiles—
refer to Terminologies D 123 or D 4439.
not geomembranes, grids, etc. Therefore, the test method is
designated for geotextiles, not geosynthetics, as all products
4. Summary of Test Method
may not lend themselves to this test method for abrasion. If
4.1 A test specimen, mounted on a stationary platform is
later developments indicate a wider scope for this test method,
rubbed by an abradant with specified surface characteristics.
appropriate changes will be made.
Under controlled conditions of pressure and abrasive action,
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
the abradant is rubbed on a horizontal axis using a uniaxional
standard. The values given in inch-pound units are provided as
motion. Resistance to abrasions is expressed as a percentage of
information only.
original strength before abrading.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
commercial shipments of geotextiles, but caution is advised
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
since information on the precision of the test is lacking.
2. Referenced Documents Comparative testing as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
reported test results when using this test method, the purchaser
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine
D 1682 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Elongation of
if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Compe-
Textile Fabrics
2 tent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
4 of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of
D 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
3 test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
3. Terminology specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two
3.1 Definitions:
laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geotextiles, n—air maintained
unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the
at a relative humidity of 65 6 5 % and a temperature of 21 6
two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either
2°C (70 6 4°F). D 4439
its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the
3.1.2 abrasion, n—the wearing away of any part of a
supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the
material by rubbing against another surface. D 123
known bias.
3.1.3 geotextiles, n—any permeable textile used with foun-
5.2 The resistance of abrasion is also greatly affected by the
conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant, variable
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-35 on
action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endur-
tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen
ance Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 25, 1988. Published January 1989.
and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimens.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
5.3 The resistance of geotextile materials to abrasion as
Discontinued—See 1991 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4886
only one of several factors contributing to performance or 7.2 Laboratory Sample—Take for the laboratory sample, a
durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. swatch extending the width of the fabric and approximately 1
While “abrasion resistance” and“ durability” are frequently m (39 in.) along the selvage from each roll in the lot sample.
related, the relationship varies with different end uses, and The swatch may be taken from the end portion of a roll
different factors may be necessary in any calculation of provided there is no evidence that it is distorted or different
predicted durability from specific abrasion data. Laboratory from other portions of the roll. In cases of dispute, take a
tests may be reliable as an indication of relative end-use swatch that will exclude fabric from the outer wrap of the roll
performance in cases where the difference in abrasion resis- or the inner wrap around the core.
tance of various materials is large, but they should not be relied 7.3 Test Specimens—From each swatch in the laboratory
upon for prediction of actual in-situation life in specific end sample, prepare two sets of specimens each containing five
uses unless there are data showing the specific relationship specimens. Cut rectangular specimens 75 by 200 61mm(3by
between laboratory abrasion tests and actual in-situation life in 8 6 ⁄16 in.). Cut the set of specimens to be tested in the
the intended end-use. machine direction with the longer dimension parallel to the
5.4 These general observations apply to all types of fabrics, machine direction and the set of specimens to be tested in the
including woven, nonwoven, and knit fabrics. cross-machine direction with the longer dimension in the
5.5 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in cross-machine direction. Take each set of specimens from a
values reported by the purchaser and the seller when using this swatch along a diagonal so that they will be taken from
test method for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, different positions across the length and width of the swatch.
between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of Take no specimens nearer to the selvage than ⁄20th of the fabric
the seller should be determined with each comparison being width or 150 mm (6 in.), whichever is the smaller.
based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sam-
8. Conditioning
pling unit of material of the type being evaluated.
8.1 Bring the specimens to moisture equilibrium in the
6. Apparatus
atmosphere for testing geotextiles. Equilibrium is considered to
6.1 Abrasion Tester, having the following essential parts:
have been reached when the increase in mass of the specimen
6.1.1 Balanced Head and Block Assembly—The assembly
in successive weighings made at interval
...
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