ASTM B594-19
(Practice)Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-Alloy Wrought Products
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-Alloy Wrought Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A number of factors such as the condition of the entry and back surfaces of the inspected part, the inclination of the ultrasonic beam with respect to the entry surface, and variations in the performance characteristics of the test system may cause significant differences in amplitudes of discontinuity indications and back reflections. These factors can seriously impair the reliability and the quantitative value of the ultrasonic test outlined in this practice.
5.2 Accurate evaluations of discontinuity size are also significantly affected by variations in search unit characteristics and by irregularities in discontinuity surfaces which can influence reflectivity. For these reasons, the discontinuity sizes that may be implied by the ultrasonic comparisons outlined in this practice must be regarded as “apparent” or “estimated” in recognition of the limited quantitative value of the measurement.
5.3 Because numerous interacting variables in a test system can adversely influence the results of an ultrasonic inspection, the actual quantitative effects of detected discontinuities upon the mechanical properties of the inspected product are difficult to establish. Although this practice provides a reliable control of product quality during manufacture, it is not applicable as an exclusive indicator of the ultimate quality and performance of components fabricated from the inspected products covered by this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for pulse-echo ultrasonic inspection and includes criteria used to define applicable quality levels of aluminum-alloy wrought products when performance of the ultrasonic test by the producer is specified, or when ultrasonic inspection is performed by the purchaser upon receipt.
1.2 This practice is not applicable if plastic deformation is introduced into the material after delivery.
1.3 The ultrasonic test described in this practice is employed to detect internal discontinuities oriented in a direction parallel to, or nearly parallel to, the surface of the product. The test is performed either by the immersion method or the contact method using pulsed longitudinal waves which are transmitted and received by a search unit containing either a single crystal or a combination of electrically interconnected multiple crystals. Ultrasonic tests employing either the through-transmission or the angle-beam techniques are not included.
Note 1: Ultrasonic tests employing angle-beam techniques require special reference blocks, search units, and scanning procedures and are subject to negotiation between the purchaser and the seller when such tests are required by the contract or purchase order.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: B594 − 19
Standard Practice for
1
Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-Alloy Wrought Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for pulse-echo
ultrasonic inspection and includes criteria used to define
2. Referenced Documents
applicable quality levels of aluminum-alloy wrought products
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on date
when performance of the ultrasonic test by the producer is
of material purchase form a part of this practice to the extent
specified, or when ultrasonic inspection is performed by the
referenced herein:
purchaser upon receipt.
2
2.2 ASTM Standards:
1.2 This practice is not applicable if plastic deformation is
B881 Terminology Relating toAluminum- and Magnesium-
introduced into the material after delivery.
Alloy Products
1.3 Theultrasonictestdescribedinthispracticeisemployed
E114 Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam
to detect internal discontinuities oriented in a direction parallel
Contact Testing
to, or nearly parallel to, the surface of the product. The test is
E127 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Aluminum
performed either by the immersion method or the contact
Alloy Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks
method using pulsed longitudinal waves which are transmitted
E214 Practice for Immersed Ultrasonic Testing by the Re-
and received by a search unit containing either a single crystal
flection Method Using Pulsed Longitudinal Waves (With-
3
or a combination of electrically interconnected multiple crys-
drawn 2007)
tals.Ultrasonictestsemployingeitherthethrough-transmission
E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of
or the angle-beam techniques are not included.
Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems
without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
NOTE 1—Ultrasonic tests employing angle-beam techniques require
2.3 American Society for Nondestructive Testing Standard:
special reference blocks, search units, and scanning procedures and are
subjecttonegotiationbetweenthepurchaserandthesellerwhensuchtests
ASNT Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing
are required by the contract or purchase order.
Personnel Qualification and Certification—Ultrasonic
4
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Testing Method, SNT-TC-1A
asthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesaremathemati- 2.4 National Aerospace Standard:
5
cal conversions to SI units which are provided for information NAS-410 Certification of Inspection Personnel
only and are not considered standard.
3. Terminology
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology B881 for definitions
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of product terms used in this practice.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Summary of Practice
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 The product is inspected ultrasonically by scanning
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
specified entry surfaces with a beam of pulsed longitudinal
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on www.astm.org.
4
Ultrasonic Method. AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published June 2019. Originally 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
5
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as B594 – 13. DOI: Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
10.1520/B0594-19. WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
*A Summary of
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B594 − 13 B594 − 19
Standard Practice for
1
Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-Alloy Wrought Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for pulse-echo ultrasonic inspection and includes criteria used to define applicable
quality levels of aluminum-alloy wrought products when performance of the ultrasonic test by the producer is specified, or when
ultrasonic inspection is performed by the purchaser upon receipt.
1.2 This practice is not applicable if plastic deformation is introduced into the material after delivery.
1.3 The ultrasonic test described in this practice is employed to detect internal discontinuities oriented in a direction parallel to,
or nearly parallel to, the surface of the product. The test is performed either by the immersion method or the contact method using
pulsed longitudinal waves which are transmitted and received by a search unit containing either a single crystal or a combination
of electrically interconnected multiple crystals. Ultrasonic tests employing either the through-transmission or the angle-beam
techniques are not included.
NOTE 1—Ultrasonic tests employing angle-beam techniques require special reference blocks, search units, and scanning procedures and are subject to
negotiation between the purchaser and the seller when such tests are required by the contract or purchase order.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on date of material purchase form a part of this practice to the extent
referenced herein:
2
2.2 ASTM Standards:
B881 Terminology Relating to Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
E114 Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam Contact Testing
E127 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Aluminum Alloy Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks
3
E214 Practice for Immersed Ultrasonic Testing by the Reflection Method Using Pulsed Longitudinal Waves (Withdrawn 2007)
E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems without the
Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.03 on Aluminum Alloy
Wrought Products.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013May 1, 2019. Published June 2013June 2019. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 20092013 as
B594 – 09.B594 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/B0594-13.10.1520/B0594-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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B594 − 19
2.3 American Society for Nondestructive Testing Standard:
ASNT Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification—Ultrasonic Testing
4
Method, SNT-TC-1A
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