ASTM B594-19e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-Alloy Wrought Products
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-Alloy Wrought Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A number of factors such as the condition of the entry and back surfaces of the inspected part, the inclination of the ultrasonic beam with respect to the entry surface, and variations in the performance characteristics of the test system may cause significant differences in amplitudes of discontinuity indications and back reflections. These factors can seriously impair the reliability and the quantitative value of the ultrasonic test outlined in this practice.
5.2 Accurate evaluations of discontinuity size are also significantly affected by variations in search unit characteristics and by irregularities in discontinuity surfaces which can influence reflectivity. For these reasons, the discontinuity sizes that may be implied by the ultrasonic comparisons outlined in this practice must be regarded as “apparent” or “estimated” in recognition of the limited quantitative value of the measurement.
5.3 Because numerous interacting variables in a test system can adversely influence the results of an ultrasonic inspection, the actual quantitative effects of detected discontinuities upon the mechanical properties of the inspected product are difficult to establish. Although this practice provides a reliable control of product quality during manufacture, it is not applicable as an exclusive indicator of the ultimate quality and performance of components fabricated from the inspected products covered by this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for pulse-echo ultrasonic inspection and includes criteria used to define applicable quality levels of aluminum-alloy wrought products when performance of the ultrasonic test by the producer is specified, or when ultrasonic inspection is performed by the purchaser upon receipt.
1.2 This practice is not applicable if plastic deformation is introduced into the material after delivery.
1.3 The ultrasonic test described in this practice is employed to detect internal discontinuities oriented in a direction parallel to, or nearly parallel to, the surface of the product. The test is performed either by the immersion method or the contact method using pulsed longitudinal waves which are transmitted and received by a search unit containing either a single crystal or a combination of electrically interconnected multiple crystals. Ultrasonic tests employing either the through-transmission or the angle-beam techniques are not included.
Note 1: Ultrasonic tests employing angle-beam techniques require special reference blocks, search units, and scanning procedures and are subject to negotiation between the purchaser and the seller when such tests are required by the contract or purchase order.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: B594 − 19
Standard Practice for
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Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-Alloy Wrought Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
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ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made to Fig. 4 and Note 14 in April 2021.
1. Scope* ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for pulse-echo
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ultrasonic inspection and includes criteria used to define
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
applicable quality levels of aluminum-alloy wrought products
when performance of the ultrasonic test by the producer is
2. Referenced Documents
specified, or when ultrasonic inspection is performed by the
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on date
purchaser upon receipt.
of material purchase form a part of this practice to the extent
1.2 This practice is not applicable if plastic deformation is
referenced herein:
introduced into the material after delivery.
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2.2 ASTM Standards:
1.3 Theultrasonictestdescribedinthispracticeisemployed
B881 Terminology Relating toAluminum- and Magnesium-
to detect internal discontinuities oriented in a direction parallel
Alloy Products
to, or nearly parallel to, the surface of the product. The test is
E114 Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam
performed either by the immersion method or the contact
Contact Testing
method using pulsed longitudinal waves which are transmitted
E127 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Flat Bottomed
and received by a search unit containing either a single crystal
Hole Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks
or a combination of electrically interconnected multiple crys-
E214 Practice for Immersed Ultrasonic Testing by the Re-
tals.Ultrasonictestsemployingeitherthethrough-transmission
flection Method Using Pulsed Longitudinal Waves (With-
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or the angle-beam techniques are not included.
drawn 2007)
E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of
NOTE 1—Ultrasonic tests employing angle-beam techniques require
Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems
special reference blocks, search units, and scanning procedures and are
subjecttonegotiationbetweenthepurchaserandthesellerwhensuchtests
without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
are required by the contract or purchase order.
2.3 American Society for Nondestructive Testing Standard:
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
ASNT Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing
asthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesaremathemati- Personnel Qualification and Certification—Ultrasonic
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cal conversions to SI units which are provided for information
Testing Method, SNT-TC-1A
only and are not considered standard. 2.4 National Aerospace Standard:
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NAS-410 Certification of Inspection Personnel
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology B881 for definitions
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
of product terms used in this practice.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on www.astm.org.
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Ultrasonic Method. AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published June 2019. Originally 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
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approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as B594 – 13. DOI: Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
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