ASTM D2711-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Demulsibility Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
Standard Test Method for Demulsibility Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test provides a guide for determining the demulsibility characteristic of lubricating oils that are prone to water contamination and may encounter the turbulence of pumping and circulation capable of producing water-in-oil emulsions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the ability of oil and water to separate from each other. It is intended for use in testing medium and high-viscosity lubricating oils.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2711–10
Standard Test Method for
1
Demulsibility Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2711; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the ability 4.1 This test provides a guide for determining the demulsi-
of oil and water to separate from each other. It is intended for bility characteristic of lubricating oils that are prone to water
use in testing medium and high-viscosity lubricating oils. contamination and may encounter the turbulence of pumping
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the and circulation capable of producing water-in-oil emulsions.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
5. Apparatus
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5.1 Stirrer, constructed from parts shown in Fig. 1 and Fig.
2.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 1—An air pressure driven motor is suggested to avoid any
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
potential electrical sparking hazard.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.2 Special Graduated Separatory Funnel, as shown in Fig.
3.
2. Referenced Documents
2 5.3 Heating Bath, sufficiently large and deep to permit the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
immersion of at least two test separatory funnels in the bath
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
liquid up to their 500-mL graduation mark. The bath shall be
D1796 Test Method forWater and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
capable of maintaining a temperature of 82 6 1°C (180 6 2°F)
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
and shall be so equipped to hold the separatory funnels
securely in a position so that the vertical axis of the stirrer
3. Summary of Test Method
corresponds to the center line of the separatory funnel during
3.1 For Oils That Do Not Contain Extreme Pressure (EP)
the mixing of the oil and water.
Additives—A405-mL sample of the oil and 45 mL of distilled
waterarestirredtogetherfor5minat82°C(180°F)inaspecial
NOTE 2—The use of silicone oil as a bath medium is discouraged, since
any contamination into the oil/water mixture may cause erroneous results.
graduated separatory funnel.After a 5-h settling period follow-
ing the stirring, a percentage of the water in the oil and the
5.4 Centrifuge, as described in Test Method D1796.
volumes of water and emulsion separating from the oil are
5.5 Centrifuge Tubes, long-form, 195 to 203 mm (8 in.) as
measured and recorded.
described in Fig. 1 of Test Method D1796.
3.2 For Oils That Contain Extreme Pressure (EP)
Additives—A360-mL sample of the oil and 90 mL of distilled 6. Materials
waterarestirredtogetherfor5minat82°C(180°F)inaspecial
6.1 Cleaning Solvent—Any suitable solvent capable of
graduated separatory funnel.After a 5-h settling period follow-
cleaning and effectively removing any oil or fluid from the
ing the stirring, percentage of water in the oil and the volumes
stirrer and graduated cylinder. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane has been
ofwaterandemulsionseparatingfromtheoilaremeasuredand
found suitable for use in this test method. (Warning—
recorded.
1,1,1–Trichloroethane, Harmful if inhaled or swallowed. Eye
irritant. High concentration can cause unconsciousness or
death.)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
NOTE 3—In cases in which the use of 1,1,1 trichloroethane is unac-
D02.L0.01 on Machinery Lubricants and Metal Removal Fluids.
ceptable, some laboratories are using heptane or mineral spirits as
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally
´1 alternative solvents. The effect on the precision of this test method when
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2711–01a(2007) .
using an alternate solvent has not been determined.
DOI: 10.1520/D2711-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.2 Water—Type II reagent grade water conforming to
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Specification D1193.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D2711–01a (Reapproved 2007) Designation:D2711–10
Standard Test Method for
1
Demulsibility Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2711; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Updated supplier footnote and 7.2 editorially in March 2009.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the ability of oil and water to separate from each other. It is intended for use
in testing medium and high-viscosity lubricating oils.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 For Oils That Do Not Contain Extreme Pressure (EP)Additives—A405-mLsample of the oil and 45 mLof distilled water
are stirred together for 5 min at 82°C (180°F) in a special graduated separatory funnel. After a 5-h settling period following the
stirring, a percentage of the water in the oil and the volumes of water and emulsion separating from the oil are measured and
recorded.
3.2 For Oils That Contain Extreme Pressure (EP) Additives—A 360-mL sample of the oil and 90 mL of distilled water are
stirredtogetherfor5minat82°C(180°F)inaspecialgraduatedseparatoryfunnel.Aftera5-hsettlingperiodfollowingthestirring,
percentage of water in the oil and the volumes of water and emulsion separating from the oil are measured and recorded.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test provides a guide for determining the demulsibility characteristic of lubricating oils that are prone to water
contamination and may encounter the turbulence of pumping and circulation capable of producing water-in-oil emulsions.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Stirrer, constructed from parts shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
NOTE 1—An air pressure driven motor is suggested to avoid any potential electrical sparking hazard.
5.2 Special Graduated Separatory Funnel, as shown in Fig. 3.
5.3 Heating Bath, sufficiently large and deep to permit the immersion of at least two test separatory funnels in the bath liquid
up to their 500-mL graduation mark. The bath shall be capable of maintaining a temperature of 82 6 1°C (180 6 2°F) and shall
be so equipped to hold the separatory funnels securely in a position so that the vertical axis of the stirrer corresponds to the center
line of the separatory funnel during the mixing of the oil and water.
NOTE 2—The use of silicone oil as a bath medium is discouraged, since any contamination into the oil/water mixture may cause erroneous results.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.L0.01
on Machinery Lubricants and Metal Removal Fluids.
Current edition approved July 15, 2007. Published September 2007. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D2711–01a. DOI:
10.1520/D2711-01AR07E01.
´1
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2711–01a(2007) . DOI:
10.1520/D2711-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2711–10
FIG. 1 Stirrer
5.4 Centrifuge, as described in Test Method D1796.
5.5 Centrifuge Tubes, long-form, 195 to 203 mm (8 in.) as described in Fig. 1 of Test Method D1796.
6. Materials
6.1 Cleaning Solvent—Any suitable solvent capable of cleaning and effectively removing
...
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