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ASTM D6072/D6072M-19e1

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Standard Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic Clay Liners

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a procedure by which samples of GCL should be obtained for laboratory testing. The practice applies to materials obtained prior to installation (either at a job site or at a production facility) or exhumed material after installation.  
4.2 Only GCL samples obtained in accordance with 5.1 of this practice will be considered representative of the actual manufactured GCL for quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) purposes.  
4.3 The quantity of GCL received by the laboratory should be sufficient for the preparation of several representative test specimens for the standardized physical, hydraulic, and mechanical tests to be performed on the GCLs.  
4.4 The procedures in this practice should be used by plant and field personnel for obtaining GCL samples for laboratory testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) for the purpose of laboratory testing. These procedures are designed to ensure that representative samples are obtained and properly packaged for submittal to a testing laboratory.  
1.2 The procedures in this practice may be applied to either samples of unhydrated GCLs obtained at the project site prior to installation (or at the production facility, prior to shipment to the project site) or samples exhumed from a project site after installation.  
1.3 It is assumed that the number of samples to be obtained has already been determined in the project specification, standard test method, or by prior agreement between the purchaser and seller. This practice covers only the methods for obtaining a pre-arranged number of samples and does not describe methods for obtaining individual specimens from the sample.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Dec-2018
ICS
13.080.99 - Other standards related to soil quality
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.04 - Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D4439-15 - Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Refers
ASTM D4439-15a - Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
Effective Date
01-Sep-2015
Refers
ASTM D4439-17 - Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
Effective Date
01-Aug-2017
Refers
ASTM D5888-06(2016) - Standard Guide for Storage and Handling of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Effective Date
01-Jun-2016
Refers
ASTM D5888-19 - Standard Guide for Storage and Handling of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Effective Date
01-May-2019
Refers
ASTM D4439-18 - Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
Effective Date
15-Apr-2018
Refers
ASTM D4354-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
Effective Date
01-May-2020

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ASTM D6072/D6072M-19e1 - Standard Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic Clay LinersASTM D6072/D6072M-19e1 - Standard Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
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ASTM D6072/D6072M-19e1 - Standard Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: D6072/D6072M − 19
Standard Practice for
1
Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6072/D6072M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—5.1.3 was corrected editorially in July 2023.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling geosyn- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
thetic clay liners (GCLs) for the purpose of laboratory testing. D4220/D4220M Practices for Preserving and Transporting
3
These procedures are designed to ensure that representative Soil Samples (Withdrawn 2023)
samples are obtained and properly packaged for submittal to a D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
testing laboratory. Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
1.2 The procedures in this practice may be applied to either
D5888 Guide for Storage and Handling of Geosynthetic
samples of unhydrated GCLs obtained at the project site prior
Clay Liners
to installation (or at the production facility, prior to shipment to
the project site) or samples exhumed from a project site after
3. Terminology
installation.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 It is assumed that the number of samples to be obtained
3.1.1 geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), n—a manufactured
has already been determined in the project specification,
hydraulic barrier consisting of clay bonded to a layer or layers
standard test method, or by prior agreement between the
of geosynthetics.
purchaser and seller. This practice covers only the methods for
3.1.2 sample, n—a portion of a material which is taken for
obtaining a pre-arranged number of samples and does not
testing or for record purposes (see Practice D4354).
describe methods for obtaining individual specimens from the
sample.
3.1.3 specimen, n—a specific portion of a material or
laboratory sample upon which a test is performed or which is
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
taken for that purpose (see Practice D4354).
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.2 For definitions of other geosynthetic terms used in this
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
practice, refer to Terminology D4439.
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
with the standard.
4. Significance and Use
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 This practice provides a procedure by which samples of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
GCL should be obtained for laboratory testing. The practice
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
applies to materials obtained prior to installation (either at a job
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
site or at a production facility) or exhumed material after
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
installation.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.2 Only GCL samples obtained in accordance with 5.1 of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
this practice will be considered representative of the actual
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
manufactured GCL for quality assurance/quality control (QA/
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
QC) purposes.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Clay Liners. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2019. Published January 2019. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D6072/D6072M – 18. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D6072_D6072M-19E01. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D6072/D6072M − 19
4.3 The quantity of GCL received by the laboratory should 5.1.1
...

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5.7 The disposable handheld soil core samplers are single-use devices. They should not be cleaned or reused.  
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5.1 Specific strength is a measure of the ability of a fiber matrix product to withstand force applied by a tensile machine and is useful to understand in order to produce quality products. Specific strength is frequently related to the matrix density, fiber quality, fiber length and chemistry and can be used as a measurement for quality assurance or quality control, or both requirements.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides a quantitative test method to determine the specific strength of hydraulically applied fiber matrix products using dry and wet preparation methods in a laboratory setting. This method is designed for use as an index test for product quality assurance or quality control, or both to comply with manufacturing requirements. This test method is not indicative of product performance in the field.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SCOPE
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1.2 This guide cannot address all possible subsurface conditions that may occur such as, geologic, topographic, climatic, or anthropogenic. Site evaluation for engineering, design, and construction purposes is addressed in Guide D420. Soil and rock sampling in drill holes is addressed in Guide D6169/D6169M. Pertinent guides and practices addressing specific drilling methods, equipment, and procedures are listed in Section 2. Guide D5730 provides information on most all aspects of environmental site characterization.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units (given in brackets) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This guide does not purport to comprehensively address all methods and the issues associated with drilling for geotechnical and environmental purposes. Users should seek qualified professionals for decisions as to the proper equipment and methods that would be most successful for their site investigation. Other methods may be available for these methods and qualified professionals should have flexibility to exercise judgment as to possible alternatives not covered in this guide. The guide is current at the time of issue, but new alternative methods may become available prior ...

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ASTM
ASTM E3242-20(Guide)
Standard Guide for Determination of Representative Sediment Background Concentrations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Intended Use: This guide may be used by various parties involved in sediment corrective action programs, including regulatory agencies, project sponsors, environmental consultants, toxicologists, risk assessors, site remediation professionals, environmental contractors, and other stakeholders.  
4.2 Related ASTM Standards: This guide is related to Guide E3164, which addresses corrective action monitoring before, during, and after sediment remediation activities; as well as Guide E3163, concerning sediment analytical techniques used during sediment programs.  
4.3 Use of Representative Background to Set a Boundary: Representative background concentrations for sediments can be used to delineate a sediment corrective action, establishing the boundary of the sediment corrective action by distinguishing site-related impacts from representative background concentrations.  
4.4 Use of Representative Background to Establish Cleanup Levels: Representative background concentrations for sediments can also be used to establish cleanup levels for use in sediment corrective actions. In cases where risk-based sediment cleanup levels are below representative background concentrations, background concentrations are typically used as the cleanup level. This ensures that the cleanup levels are sustainable. Any recontamination from ongoing sources will eventually result in surface sediment concentrations greater than the risk-based cleanup level, but the surface sediment should still meet a cleanup level based on representative background concentrations, even after recontamination.  
4.5 Use of Representative Background in Risk Assessments: Representative background concentrations can be used in the risk assessment process (including human and ecological risk assessments) to understand risks posed by background levels of contaminants to human health and the environment, and the incremental risks posed by site-related releases and/or activities that result in sediment concentrat...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide focuses on the approach for determination of representative sediment background concentrations used for remedial actions performed under various regulatory programs, including the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). Although many of the references cited in this guide are CERCLA oriented, the guide is applicable to remedial actions performed under local, state, federal, and international cleanup programs. However, the guide does not describe requirements for each jurisdiction. The requirements for the regulatory entity under which the cleanup is performed should be reviewed to confirm compliance.  
1.2 This guide provides a framework, including specific statistical and geochemical considerations, as well as case studies, demonstrating the approach to determine representative sediment background concentrations. This guide is intended to inform, complement, and support, but not supersede, local, state, federal, or international regulations.  
1.2.1 This guide does not address methods and means of data collection (Guide E3163, Guide E3164.)  
1.2.2 This guide is designed to apply to contaminated sediment sites where sediment data have been collected and are readily available. Additionally, this guide assumes that risk assessments have been performed, so that the contaminants/chemicals of interest that exceed risk-based thresholds have been identified.  
1.2.3 Furthermore, this guide presumes that risk-based thresholds identified are low enough to pose corrective action implementation challenges, and/or the site is subject to recontamination from ongoing anthropogenic and/or natural sources that are not controlled. In both cases, representative sediment background concentrations will be useful for determining the extent of corrective remedial actions (when used as remedial goals), evaluating risks posed by representative background concentrations, and establishing...

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ASTM
ASTM D8151-19e1(Practice)
Standard Practice for Obtaining Rainfall Runoff from Unvegetated Rolled and Hydraulic Erosion Control Products (RECPs and HECPs) for Acute Ecotoxicity Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A large number of erosion control product manufacturers produce a variety of RECPs and HECPs that are designed to be applied to any land surface to stabilize soils and prevent erosion. Many of these products are engineered to absorb moisture and remain in place even under extreme rainfall events and are composed of substances that could go into solution with runoff. Based on the characteristics of these products and their intended and actual use in the environment, the most likely scenario through which aquatic organisms would be exposed to these products or their soluble components is through storm water runoff. Further, because such runoff events typically last for minutes to hours rather than days, use of acute (48 h) toxicity testing methodology is appropriate to model expected environment exposures.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the guidelines, requirements, and procedures for obtaining rainfall runoff of unvegetated rolled and hydraulic erosion control products (RECPs and HECPs) during bench-scale conditions from simulated rainfall to be sent out for acute ecotoxicity testing.  
1.2 This practice obtains unvegetated erosion control product (ECP) runoff from rainsplash-induced erosion under bench-scale conditions using bench-scale collection procedures.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.  
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Dev...

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ASTM
ASTM D6276-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Using pH to Estimate the Soil-Lime Proportion Requirement for Soil Stabilization

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The soil-lime pH test is performed as a test to indicate the soil-lime proportion needed to maintain the elevated pH necessary for sustaining the reactions required to stabilize a soil. The test derives from Eades and Grim.4  
5.2 Performance tests are normally conducted in a laboratory to verify the results of this test method.  
5.3 This test method will not provide reliable information relative to the potential reactivity of a particular soil, nor will it provide information on the magnitude of increased strength to be realized upon treatment of this soil with the indicated percentage of lime.  
5.4 This test method can be used to estimate the percentage of lime as hydrated lime or quicklime needed to produce a lime stabilized soil. Common candidate soils contain clay minerals and have a Plasticity Index ≥10.  
5.5 Agricultural lime (crushed limestone) will not stabilize soil.
Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a means for estimating the soil-lime proportion requirement for stabilization of a soil. This test method is performed on soil passing the 425μm (No. 40) sieve. The optimum soil-lime proportion for soil stabilization is determined by tests of specific characteristics of stabilized soil such as unconfined compressive strength or plasticity index.  
1.2 Some highly alkaline by-products (lime kiln dust, cement kiln dust, carbide lime, and so forth) have been successfully used to stabilize soil. This test method is not intended for these materials and any such product would need to be tested for specific characteristics as indicated in 1.1.  
1.3 This test method is used to determine the percentage of lime that results in a soil-lime pH of approximately 12.4.
Note 1: Under ideal laboratory conditions of 25°C and sea level elevation, the pH of the lime-soil-water solution should be 12.4.  
1.4 Lime is not an effective stabilizing agent for all soils. Some soil components such as sulfates, phosphates, organics, and iron can adversely affect soil-lime reactions and may produce erroneous results using this test method.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/ recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis for engineering data.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on st...

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