ASTM E2884-17
(Guide)Standard Guide for Eddy Current Testing of Electrically Conducting Materials Using Conformable Sensor Arrays
Standard Guide for Eddy Current Testing of Electrically Conducting Materials Using Conformable Sensor Arrays
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Eddy current methods are used for nondestructively locating and characterizing discontinuities in magnetic or nonmagnetic electrically conducting materials. Conformable eddy current sensor arrays permit examination of planar and non-planar materials but usually require suitable fixtures to hold the sensor array near the surface of the material of interest, such as a layer of foam behind the sensor array along with a rigid support structure.
5.2 In operation, the sensor arrays are standardized with measurements in air and/or a reference part. Responses measured from the sensor array may be converted into physical property values, such as lift-off, electrical conductivity, and/or magnetic permeability. Proper instrument operation is verified by ensuring that these measurement responses or property values are within a prescribed range. Performance verification on reference standards with known discontinuities is performed periodically.
5.3 The sensor array dimensions, including the size and number of sense elements, and the operating frequency are selected based on the type of examination being performed. The depth of penetration of eddy currents into the material under examination depends upon the frequency of the signal, the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the material, and some dimensions of the sensor array. The depth of penetration is equal to the conventional skin depth at high frequencies but is also related to the sensor array dimensions at low frequencies, such as the size of the drive winding and the gap distance between the drive winding and sense element array. For surface-breaking discontinuities on the surface adjacent to the sensor array, high frequencies should be used where the penetration depth is less than the thickness of the material under examination. For subsurface discontinuities or wall thickness measurements, lower frequencies and larger sensor dimensions should be used so that the depth of penetration is compara...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of conformable eddy current sensor arrays for nondestructive examination of electrically conducting materials for discontinuities and material quality. The discontinuities include surface breaking and subsurface cracks and pitting as well as near-surface and hidden-surface material loss. The material quality includes coating thickness, electrical conductivity, magnetic permeability, surface roughness and other properties that vary with the electrical conductivity or magnetic permeability.
1.2 This guide is intended for use on nonmagnetic and magnetic metals as well as composite materials with an electrically conducting component, such as reinforced carbon-carbon composite or polymer matrix composites with carbon fibers.
1.3 This guide applies to planar as well as non-planar materials with and without insulating coating layers.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: E2884 − 17
Standard Guide for
Eddy Current Testing of Electrically Conducting Materials
1
Using Conformable Sensor Arrays
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2884; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide covers the use of conformable eddy current
E543 Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
sensor arrays for nondestructive examination of electrically
Testing
conducting materials for discontinuities and material quality.
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
The discontinuities include surface breaking and subsurface
3
2.2 ASNT Documents:
cracks and pitting as well as near-surface and hidden-surface
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
material loss. The material quality includes coating thickness,
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
electrical conductivity, magnetic permeability, surface rough-
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
ness and other properties that vary with the electrical conduc-
cation of NDT Personnel
tivity or magnetic permeability.
4
2.3 AIA Standard:
NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
1.2 This guide is intended for use on nonmagnetic and
Testing Personnel
magnetic metals as well as composite materials with an
2.4 Department of Defense Handbook:
electrically conducting component, such as reinforced carbon-
MIL-HDBK–1823A Nondestructive Evaluation System Re-
carbon composite or polymer matrix composites with carbon
liability Assessment
fibers.
5
2.5 ISO Standards:
1.3 This guide applies to planar as well as non-planar
ISO 9712 Non-destructive Testing—Qualification and Cer-
materials with and without insulating coating layers.
tification of NDT Personnel
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
3. Terminology
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to this
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
guide refer to Terminology E1316.
tion only and are not considered standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 B-Scan—a method of data presentation utilizing a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
horizontal base line that indicates distance along the surface of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a material and a vertical deflection that represents a measure-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ment response for the material being examined.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.2 C-Scan—a method of data presentation which pro-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
vides measurement responses for the material being examined
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
in two-dimensions over the surface of the material.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
1 4
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc- Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on Electro- WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
magnetic Method. (Replacement standard for MIL-STD-410.)
5
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originally Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
ɛ1
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E2884–13 . DOI: Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
10.1520/E2884-17. Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2884 − 17
3.2.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E2884 − 13 E2884 − 17
Standard Guide for
Eddy Current Testing of Electrically Conducting Materials
1
Using Conformable Sensor Arrays
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2884; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Section 2 was corrected editorially in June 2104.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide covers the use of conformable eddy current sensor arrays for nondestructive examination of electrically
conducting materials for discontinuities and material quality. The discontinuities include surface breaking and subsurface cracks
and pitting as well as near-surface and hidden-surface material loss. The material quality includes coating thickness, electrical
conductivity, magnetic permeability, surface roughness and other properties that vary with the electrical conductivity or magnetic
permeability.
1.2 This guide is intended for use on nonmagnetic and magnetic metals as well as composite materials with an electrically
conducting component, such as reinforced carbon-carbon composite or polymer matrix composites with carbon fibers.
1.3 This guide applies to planar as well as non-planar materials with and without insulating coating layers.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E2338 Practice for Characterization of Coatings Using Conformable Eddy-Current Sensors without Coating Reference
Standards
3
2.2 ASNT Documents:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
4
2.3 AIA Standard:
NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
2.4 Department of Defense Handbook:
MIL-HDBK–1823A Nondestructive Evaluation System Reliability Assessment
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on Electromagnetic
Method.
Current edition approved June 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2017. Published June 2013December 2017. Originally approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as
ɛ1
E2884–13.–13 . DOI: 10.1520/E2884-13E01.10.1520/E2884-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
(Replacement standard for MIL-STD-410.)
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2884 − 17
5
2.5 ISO Standards:
ISO 9712 Non-destructive Testing—Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to this guide refer to Terminology E1316.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 B-Scan—a method of data presentation utilizing a horizont
...
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