ASTM D7593-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Fuel Dilution for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
Standard Test Method for Determination of Fuel Dilution for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some fuel dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive fuel dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of fuel dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action. This test method does not purport to accurately quantify the specific fuel present in the in-service lubricant samples due to limitations associated with the aging and degradation of the fuel in the crankcase. Rather, quantification of diesel fuel is normalized using a simulated aged fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of fuel dilution for in-service engine oil by gas chromatography.
1.2 Analysis can be performed directly by this test method without pretreatment or dilution of the sample.
1.3 There is no limitation for the determination of the dilution range, provided the amount of sample is within the linear range of the gas chromatograph detector. However, sample dilution can add potential error to the result and may affect the precision obtained as compared to the values presented in Section 14, which were obtained with no dilution.
1.4 This test method covers a quantitation range up to 10 % (m/m) for diesel and biodiesel, and up to 5 % (m/m) for gasoline.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Where non-SI units are provided, they are shown in parentheses.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D7593 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Fuel Dilution for In-Service Engine Oils by
1
Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7593; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E355 Practice for Gas ChromatographyTerms and Relation-
ships
1.1 This test method covers the determination of fuel
E594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used
dilution for in-service engine oil by gas chromatography.
in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
1.2 Analysis can be performed directly by this test method
E1510 Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular
without pretreatment or dilution of the sample.
Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
1.3 There is no limitation for the determination of the
3. Terminology
dilution range, provided the amount of sample is within the
3.1 Definitions:
linear range of the gas chromatograph detector. However,
3.1.1 This test method makes reference to common gas
sample dilution can add potential error to the result and may
chromatographicprocedures,terms,andrelationships.Detailed
affect the precision obtained as compared to the values pre-
definitions of these can be found in Practices E355 and E594.
sented in Section 14, which were obtained with no dilution.
3.1.2 fuel dilution, n—the amount, expressed as a
1.4 This test method covers a quantitation range up to 10 %
percentage, of engine fuel found in the in-service lubricating
(m/m) for diesel and biodiesel, and up to 5 % (m/m) for
oil.
gasoline.
3.1.3 fuel diluent, n—in service oil analysis, is the unburned
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
fuel components that enter the engine crankcase causing
standard. Where non-SI units are provided, they are shown in
dilution of the oil.
parentheses.
3.1.4 in-service oil, n—lubricating oil that is present in a
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
machine that has been at operating temperature for at least one
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
hour.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.5 Marker Peak (MP), n—a marker peak is a chromato-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
graphic peak used to differentiate sections of a chromatogram
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
by retention time.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—For example, components that elute
2. Referenced Documents
before this marker peak may be considered “fuel,” while
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
components that elute after this marker peak would be consid-
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
ered “oil.” This marker peak retention time could also serve as
Atmospheric Pressure
thetimingforphysicalchangesinthechromatographicsystem,
D3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel
such as the time to initiate a valve change or a back-flush.
Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
3.2 Abbreviations:
D3525 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline
3.2.1 A common abbreviation of carbon compounds is to
Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
designate the number of carbon atoms in the compound. A
prefix is used to designate the carbon chain form, while a
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
subscripted suffix denotes the number of carbon atoms. For
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
example, normal eicosane = n-C .
20
Subcommittee D02.96.02 on Chemistry for the Evaluation of In-Service Lubricants.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally
4. Summary of Test Method
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7593 – 13. DOI:
10.1520/D7593-14.
4.1 A representative aliquot of in-service engine oil is
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
introduced into a gas chromatograph through a programmable
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
split injector. Carrier gas transports the vaporized aliquot
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. through the dimethyl polysiloxane bonded phase capillary
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7593 − 14
columnwherethehydrocarbonsareseparatedbythechromato- injector maintenance but an isothermal split injector can be
graphic
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7593 − 13 D7593 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Fuel Dilution for In-Service Engine Oils by
1
Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7593; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of fuel dilution for in-service engine oil by gas chromatography.
1.2 Analysis can be performed directly by this test method without pretreatment or dilution of the sample.
1.3 There is no limitation for the determination of the dilution range, provided the amount of sample is within the linear range
of the gas chromatograph detector. However, sample dilution can add potential error to the result and may affect the precision
obtained as compared to the values presented in Section 14, which were obtained with no dilution.
1.4 This test method covers a quantitation range up to 10 % (m/m) for diesel and biodiesel, and up to 5 % (m/m) for gasoline.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Where non-SI units are provided, they are shown in parentheses.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
D3525 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
E594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
E1510 Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 This test method makes reference to common gas chromatographic procedures, terms, and relationships. Detailed
definitions of these can be found in Practices E355 and E594.
3.1.2 fuel dilution, n—the amount, expressed as a percentage, of engine fuel found in the in-service lubricating oil.
3.1.3 fuel diluent, n—in service oil analysis, is the unburned fuel components that enter the engine crankcase causing dilution
of the oil.
3.1.4 in-service oil, n—lubricating oil that is present in a machine that has been at operating temperature for at least one hour.
3.1.5 Marker Peak (MP), n—a marker peak is a chromatographic peak used to differentiate sections of a chromatogram by
retention time.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.96.02 on Chemistry for the Evaluation of In-Service Lubricants.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013Oct. 1, 2014. Published January 2014October 2014. Originally approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as
D7593 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D7593-13.10.1520/D7593-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7593 − 14
For example, components that elute before this marker peak may be considered “fuel,” while components that elute after this
marker peak would be considered “oil.” This marker peak retention time could also serve as the timing for physical changes in
the chromatographic system, such as the time to initiate a valve change or a back-flush.
3.2 Abbreviations:
3.2.1 A common abbreviation of carbon compounds is to designate the number of carbon atoms in the compound. A prefix is
used to designate the carbon chain form, while a subscripted suffix denotes the number of carbon atoms. For example, normal
eicosane = n-C .
20
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A representa
...
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