ASTM D5496-98(2009)
(Practice)Standard Practice for In Field Immersion Testing of Geosynthetics
Standard Practice for In Field Immersion Testing of Geosynthetics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides an approach and methodology for conducting field immersion testing of geosynthetics used in the construction of liners in reservoirs, ponds, impoundments, or landfills for containing liquids and solids. This practice should be performed in accordance to and in conjunction with D 5322 for assessing chemical resistance under both laboratory and field conditions.
The specification of procedures in this practice is intended to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or investigate the chemical resistance of geosynthetics under actual field conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes an approach and methodology for immersion testing of geosynthetics (for example, geomembranes used for landfill liner).
1.2 This practice does not provide for definition of the testing to be performed on the geosynthetic samples for field immersion. This practice does not address the determination of resistance of the geosynthetic to the liquid in which it is immersed. The user of this practice is referred to the appropriate Standard Guide for Tests to evaluate the chemical resistance and for defining the testing to be performed for each of the geosynthetic components listed in 2.1.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5496 − 98(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Practice for
In Field Immersion Testing of Geosynthetics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5496; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.3 For definitions relating to textiles, refer to Terminol-
ogy D123.
1.1 This practice describes an approach and methodology
for immersion testing of geosynthetics (for example, geomem-
4. Significance and Use
branes used for landfill liner).
4.1 Thispracticeprovidesanapproachandmethodologyfor
1.2 This practice does not provide for definition of the
conducting field immersion testing of geosynthetics used in the
testing to be performed on the geosynthetic samples for field
construction of liners in reservoirs, ponds, impoundments, or
immersion. This practice does not address the determination of
landfills for containing liquids and solids. This practice should
resistance of the geosynthetic to the liquid in which it is
be performed in accordance to and in conjunction with D5322
immersed. The user of this practice is referred to the appropri-
for assessing chemical resistance under both laboratory and
ate Standard Guide for Tests to evaluate the chemical resis-
field conditions.
tance and for defining the testing to be performed for each of
the geosynthetic components listed in 2.1.
4.2 The specification of procedures in this practice is
intended to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
investigate the chemical resistance of geosynthetics under
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
actual field conditions.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 Sample Container, for containment of the geosynthetic
2. Referenced Documents
testspecimens.Thecontainersshouldbeperforatedonallsides
and at the bottom to allow for complete flooding of the test
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles specimens. Stainless steel, or other chemically resistant steel
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics alloys, is recommended. Do not use 316 stainless steel for
D5322 Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for fluids known to contain high-chloride ion concentrations.
Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to
NOTE1—Achemicalanalysisofthefluidshouldbeavailabletotheuser
Liquids
prior to the start of field compatibility testing to allow for a review of a
suitable material of construction for the sample container. If in doubt, tests
3. Terminology
can be conducted by placing samples of the sample container material of
construction in the fluid for a suitable period of time to determine
3.1 Definitions:
compatibility of the sample container with the fluid. If in doubt, and
3.1.1 field testing, n—testing performed in the field under
testing cannot be performed prior to start of field compatibility testing,
actual conditions of temperature and exposure to the fluids for
then an alloy such as Carpenter 20 or tantalum-coated carbon steel should
be considered for any field samples that will be exposed to aggressive
which the immersion testing is being performed.
fluids for more than one year.
3.1.2 For definitions relating to geosynthetics, refer to
5.1.1 The size of the sample container is not specified since
Terminology D4439.
it will be dependent on the number of geosynthetic specimens
requiring testing and the size of the sump, tank, or other device
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn-
used for conducting the field testing.
thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance
5.1.2 Sample Container Lid, to allow easy access for plac-
Properties.
ing and removing geosynthetic specimens from the container.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2009.PublishedJuly2009.Originallyapproved
The lid should be constructed from the same material as the
in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5496 – 98 (2003). DOI:
10.1520/D5496-98R09.
sample container and perforated to allow for contact between
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
fluid and the geosynthetic samples within the container. In
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
addition, the lid should be secured to the container using
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. threaded rods made from the same material as the container.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5496 − 98 (2009)
where the number and size of sample containers must be limited due to
Do not use dissimilar metals when fabricating parts of the
physical constraints of the sump or tank in which the containers are to be
sample containers as this may result in severe corrosion of the
installed, or due to regulatory limitations on maximum head (or other
completed assembly.
similar stipulation) then place the geosynthetic samples in the most
5.1.3 Sample Container Cables, to place the sample con-
efficient manner possible. This can be accomplished by reducing the total
tainers within sumps or tanks. It is recommended that two
number and size of the sample containers. For these situations it is
allowable to place dissimilar resins within the same container and
cables be attached to each container, one made from the same
eliminate, if necessary, the spacers between geosynthetic sheets and
material as the sample container, and the other, as a backup,
between sheets and side walls.
made from ⁄4-in. polypropylene rope.
8.3 Assembling the Containers—Assemble the sample con-
6. Hazards
tainers, lids, and cabling in a manner that will minimize
movement of the specimens within the final containers and
6.1 Warning—The fluids used in this practice may contain
maintain the structural integrity of the sample container
hazardous or toxic chemicals. Take appropriate precautions
throughout the testing interval(s). Use sufficiently long
when handling hazardous waste, chemicals, and the fluid. All
threaded rods for joining all sample containers that will have to
personnel handling or exposed to the fluids used for the
be removed at the same testing interval.This will minimize the
immersion testing should wear equipment suitable for protec-
number of cables required for securing the sample containers
tion from the chemicals present in the fluid. Take care to
and make the job of removing and shipping the exposed
prevent spilling any hazardous materials or fluids, and clean up
containers easier. Since it is very likely that assembled systems
any accidental spills that may occur away from the collection
will have to be turned on their sides or rotated during
sump or tank used for conducting the fluid exposure.
placement, fasten all spacers used in the sample containers to
NOTE 2—The user should refer to local, state, or federal laws and
either the side walls or to adjoining geosynthetic sheets.
practices regarding the conduct of this type of testing at hazardous waste
8.3.1 If more than one container is being installed, it is
sites or other similar facilities.
extremely important to mark or label the cables, or both for
7. Sampling
each assembly so that removal of the assemblies can be
minimized.
7.1 In the absence of site specific sampling agreed upon by
8.3.2 Construct final assemblies to minimize sharp corners
the user and between the testing agency, ta
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5496–93 Designation: D 5496 – 98 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Practice for
In Field Immersion Testing of Geosynthetics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5496; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes an approach and methodology for immersion testing of geosynthetics (for example, geomembranes
used for landfill liner).
1.2 This practice does not provide for definition of the testing to be performed on the geosynthetic samples for field immersion.
This practice does not address the determination of compatibility betweenresistance of the geosynthetic andto the liquid in which
it is immersed. The user of this practice is referred to the appropriate Standard Guide for Tests to evaluate the chemical resistance
and for defining the testing to be performed for each of the geosynthetic components listed in 2.1.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 4439 Terminology for Geotextiles Terminology for Geosynthetics
D 5322 Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 field testing, n—testing performed in the field under actual conditions of temperature and exposure to the fluids for which
the immersion testing is being performed.
3.1.2 For definitions relating to geosynthetics, refer to Terminology D 4439.
3.1.3 For definitions relating to textiles, refer to Terminology D 123.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This practice provides an approach and methodology for conducting field immersion testing of geosynthetics used in the
construction of liners in reservoirs, ponds, impoundments, or landfills for containing liquids and solids. This practice should be
performed in accordance to and in conjunction with D 5322 for assessing chemical resistance under both laboratory and field
conditions.
4.2 The specification of procedures in this practice is intended to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or investigate
the chemical compatibilityresistance of geosynthetics under actual field conditions.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Sample Container, for containment of the geosynthetic test specimens. The containers should be perforated on all sides and
at the bottom to allow for complete flooding of the test specimens. Stainless steel, or other chemically resistant steel alloys, is
recommended. Do not use 316 stainless steel for fluids known to contain high-chloride ion concentrations.
NOTE 1—Achemicalanalysisofthefluidshouldbeavailabletotheuserpriortothestartoffieldcompatibilitytestingtoallowforareviewofasuitable
material of construction for the sample container. If in doubt, tests can be conducted by placing samples of the sample container material of construction
in the fluid for a suitable period of time to determine compatibility of the sample container with the fluid. If in doubt, and testing cannot be performed
prior to start of field compatibility testing, then an alloy such as Carpenter 20 or tantalum-coated carbon steel should be considered for any field samples
that will be exposed to aggressive fluids for more than one year.
This practice is underthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD-35D35onGeosyntheticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD35.02onEnduranceProperties.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 1993. Published February 1994.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 5496 – 98 (2003).
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 07.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5496 – 98 (2009)
5.1.1 The size of the sample container is not specified since it will be dependent on the number of geosynthetic specimens
requiring testing and the size of the sump, tank, or other device used for conducting the field testing.
5.1.2 Sample Container Lid,Lid, to allow easy access for placing and removing geosynthetic specimens from the container.The
lid should be constructed from the same material as the sample container and perforated to allow for contact between fluid and
thegeosyntheticsampleswithinthecontainer.Inaddition,thelidshouldbesecuredtothecontainerusingthreadedrodsmadefrom
the same material as the container. Do not use dissimilar metals when fabricating parts of the sample containers as this may result
in severe corrosion of the completed assembly.
5.1.3 Sample Container Cables,Cables,toplacethesamplecontainerswithinsumpsortanks.Itisrecommendedthattwocables
be attached to each container, one made from the same material as the sample container, and the other, as a backup, made from
⁄4-in. polypropylene rope.
6. Hazards
6.1 Warning—The fluids used in this practice may contain hazardous or toxic chemicals. Take appropriate precautions when
handling hazardous waste, chemicals, and the fluid.All personnel handling or exposed to the fluids used for the immersion testing
should wear equipment suitable for protection from the chemicals present in the fluid. Take care to prevent spilling any hazardous
materials or fluids, and clean up any accidental spills that may occur away from the collection sump or tank used for conducting
the fluid exposure.
NOTE 2—The user should refer to local, state, or federal laws and practices regarding the conduct of this type of testing at hazardous waste sites or
other similar facilities.
7. Sampling
7.1 In the absence of site specific sampling agreed upon by the user and between the testing agency, take samples of the
geosynthetic(s) to be tested in a manner appropriate for the particular material and for the tests to be performed on the exposed
materials. It is essential that all initial samples have physical properties that are as similar as possible. Refer to the section on
sampling in the applicable standard for the chemical resistance of the specific geosynthetic to be tested.
7.2 Prepare one complete set of samples in accordance with 7.1 for each testing interval identified in 8.8 of this practice, plus
three additional sample sets. Identify and use one of the additional sets as the unexposed samples. Identify the other two sample
sets as spares.
NOTE 3—If field testing is being performed in conjunction with laboratory immersion testing, then only the two spare sample sets, as described in 7.2,
are required. The unexposed sample set used for the laboratory immersion testing can be used as the unexposed sample set for the field testing.
8. Procedure
8.1 Sample Container Preparation—Thoroughly clean the container and lid prior to placement of geosynthetic samples. Use
of tap or service water for final rinse of the container is acceptable.
8.2 Sample Placement—Placethegeosyntheticmaterialsamplesinthesamplecontainerinsuchawaysothatcontactwithother
sheets of material is limited as much as possible. Do not place different types of resin mat
...
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