ASTM C1171-16

Standard Test Method for Quantitatively Measuring the Effect of Thermal Shock and Thermal Cycling on Refractories

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method indicates the ability of a refractory product to withstand the stress generated by sudden changes in temperature.  
3.2 Because the recommended furnace temperature of this cycling test is 1200°C (2190°F), this test method may not indicate the ability of a refractory product to withstand cycling at higher or lower temperatures, especially if the existing morphology of the refractory product changes.  
3.3 This test method is useful for research and development, as well as for comparing refractory products. The precision should be considered when using this test for specification purposes.  
3.4 Ruggedness tests found the following variables to be rugged:    
temperature  
+5°C    
hot spacing  
1/2 to 3/4 in. (12.77 to 19 mm)    
cold spacing  
1/2 to 3/4 in. (12.77 to 19 mm)    
center vs. end gripping of the bars    
hot hold time  
10 to 15 min    
cold hold time  
10 to 15 min    
operator air speed  
0 to 2 mi/h (0 to 3.2 km/h)    
initially cold or heated samples    
last in, first out (LIFO); or first in, first out (FIFO)
removal from the furnace    
sawed or original surface as tensile face during MOR testing    
bar thickness  
0.96 to 1.04 in. (24.5 to 26.4 mm)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used for determining the strength loss or reduction in continuity, or both, of prism-shaped specimens which are cut from refractory brick or shapes and subjected to thermal cycling.  
1.2 The strength loss is measured by the difference in modulus of rupture (MOR) between uncycled specimens and the specimens subjected to thermal cycling.  
1.3 The reduction in structural continuity is estimated by the difference in sonic velocity before and after thermal cycling.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2016
• ICS: 17.200.10 - Heat. Calorimetry
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.02 - Thermal Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1171 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Quantitatively Measuring the Effect of Thermal Shock and
1
Thermal Cycling on Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1171; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method is used for determining the strength
loss or reduction in continuity, or both, of prism-shaped
3. Significance and Use
specimens which are cut from refractory brick or shapes and
subjected to thermal cycling. 3.1 This test method indicates the ability of a refractory
product to withstand the stress generated by sudden changes in
1.2 The strength loss is measured by the difference in
temperature.
modulus of rupture (MOR) between uncycled specimens and
the specimens subjected to thermal cycling.
3.2 Because the recommended furnace temperature of this
cycling test is 1200°C (2190°F), this test method may not
1.3 Thereductioninstructuralcontinuityisestimatedbythe
indicate the ability of a refractory product to withstand cycling
difference in sonic velocity before and after thermal cycling.
at higher or lower temperatures, especially if the existing
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
morphology of the refractory product changes.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.3 This test method is useful for research and development,
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
as well as for comparing refractory products. The precision
and are not considered standard.
should be considered when using this test for specification
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
purposes.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.4 Ruggedness tests found the following variables to be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
rugged:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
temperature +5°C
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 3
hot spacing ⁄2 to ⁄4 in. (12.77 to 19 mm)
1 3
cold spacing ⁄2 to ⁄4 in. (12.77 to 19 mm)
2. Referenced Documents
center vs. end gripping of the bars
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: hot holdtime 10to15min
coldholdtime 10to15min
C133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modu-
operator air speed 0 to 2 mi/h (0 to 3.2 km/h)
lus of Rupture of Refractories
initially cold or heated samples
last in, first out (LIFO); or first in, first out (FIFO)
C607 Practice for Coking Large Shapes of Carbon-Bearing
removal from the furnace
Materials
sawed or original surface as tensile face during MOR testing
C1419 Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Refractory Mate-
bar thickness 0.96 to 1.04 in. (24.5 to 26.4 mm)
rials at Room Temperature and Its Use in Obtaining an
Approximate Young’s Modulus 4. Apparatus
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
4.1 Furnace, capable of maintaining 1200°C (2190°F) with
recovery rate of less than 5 min to temperature.
4.2 Abrasive Saw, to cut the test specimens.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on 4.3 Dryer, capable of operating at 105°C to 110°C (220°F to
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.02 on Thermal
230°F).
Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originally 4.4 Tongs or Fork, for handling hot specimens.
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C1171 – 15. DOI:
4.5 Safety Equipment, such as gloves, face shields, and
10.1520/C1171-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or tinted safety glasses.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.6 AluminaSetterBrick, 90 %, placed 5 in. (127 mm) apart
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. in and outside the furnace.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1171 − 16
specimens into two equal groups on the basis of similar
distributions of velocity measurements.
7.2 Determine the cold modulus of rupture (using Test
Methods C133) on one group, using three point loading with a
5-in. (127-mm) span and a loading rate of 175 lbf/min (778
N/mm).
7.3 Preheat the test furnace to the test temperature of 1200
6 15°C (2190 6 25°F); preheating is usually done the night
prior to testing. Use of other test temperatures is allowed and
must be included as
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1171 − 15 C1171 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Quantitatively Measuring the Effect of Thermal Shock and
1
Thermal Cycling on Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1171; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is used for determining the strength loss or reduction in continuity, or both, of prism-shaped specimens
which are cut from refractory brick or shapes and subjected to thermal cycling.
1.2 The strength loss is measured by the difference in modulus of rupture (MOR) between uncycled specimens and the
specimens subjected to thermal cycling.
1.3 The reduction in structural continuity is estimated by the difference in sonic velocity before and after thermal cycling.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories
C607 Practice for Coking Large Shapes of Carbon-Bearing Materials
C1419 Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Refractory Materials at Room Temperature and Its Use in Obtaining an Approximate
Young’s Modulus
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.02 on Thermal Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015Nov. 1, 2016. Published December 2015November 2016. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20112015
as C1171 – 05C1171 – 15.(2011). DOI: 10.1520/C1171-15.10.1520/C1171-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1171 − 16
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method indicates the ability of a refractory product to withstand the stress generated by sudden changes in
temperature.
3.2 Because the recommended furnace temperature of this cycling test is 1200°C (2190°F), this test method may not indicate
the ability of a refractory product to withstand cycling at higher or lower temperatures, especially if the existing morphology of
the refractory product changes.
3.3 This test method is useful for research and development, as well as for comparing refractory products. The precision should
be considered when using this test for specification purposes.
3.4 Ruggedness tests found the following variables to be rugged:
temperature +5°C
1 3
hot spacing ⁄2 to ⁄4 in. (12.77 to 19 mm)
1 3
cold spacing ⁄2 to ⁄4 in. (12.77 to 19 mm)
center vs. end gripping of the bars
hot hold time 10 to 15 min
cold hold time 10 to 15 min
operator air speed 0 to 2 mi/h (0 to 3.2 km/h)
initially cold or heated samples
last in, first out (LIFO); or first in, first out (FIFO)
removal from the furnace
sawed or original surface as tensile face during MOR testing
bar thickness 0.96 to 1.04 in. (24.5 to 26.4 mm)
4. Apparatus
4.1 Furnace, capable of maintaining 1200°C (2190°F) with recovery rate of less than 5 min to temperature.
4.2 Abrasive Saw, to cut the test specimens.
4.3 Dryer, capable of operating at 105°C to 110°C (220°F to 230°F).
4.4 Tongs or Fork, for handling hot specimens.
4.5 Safety Equipment, such as gloves, face shields, and tinted safety glasses.
4.6 Alumina Setter Brick, 90 %, placed 5 in. (127 mm) apart in and outside the furnace.
4.7 Strength Testing Machine—Any form of standard mechanical or hydraulic compression testing machine that conforms
...