ASTM E2282-09

Standard Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
All test methods have an output in the form of a test result. This guide provides information on the construction of test results from more elemental measurements.
A well defined test result is necessary before any precision statements can be made about the test method.
Form and Style for ASTM Standards, Section A21, requires that every test method shall contain a statement regarding its precision, preferably as a result of an interlaboratory test program. Reporting of such studies is described in E 177, which illustrates the development of test results from observations and test determinations.
Precision statements for ASTM test methods are applicable to test results. They are not applicable to test determinations or observations, unless specifically and clearly indicated otherwise.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide guidelines for identifying the elements that comprise the test result of a test method and to illustrate how these elements combine into the test result.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-May-2009
• ICS: 71.060.10 - Chemical elements
• Technical Committee: E11 - Quality and Statistics
• Drafting Committee: E11.20 - Test Method Evaluation and Quality Control

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E2282-03 - Standard Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Replaced By: ASTM E2282-13 - Standard Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E29-22 - Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM F3263-17 - Standard Guide for Packaging Test Method Validation
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E456-13a(2022) - Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E2709-19(2023) - Standard Practice for Demonstrating Capability to Comply with an Acceptance Procedure
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E2935-21 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Equivalence of Two Testing Processes
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E691-23 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E177-20 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D4821-20 - Standard Guide for Carbon Black—Validation of Test Method Precision and Bias
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E2554-18e1 - Standard Practice for Estimating and Monitoring the Uncertainty of Test Results of a Test Method Using Control Chart Techniques
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C168-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E2586-19e1 - Standard Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E1169-21 - Standard Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E1488-12(2023) - Standard Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E2282 −09 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Guide for
1
Defining the Test Result of a Test Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2282; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.4 test determination, n—the value of a characteristic or
dimension of a single test specimen derived from one or more
1.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide guidelines for
observed values.
identifying the elements that comprise the test result of a test
3.2.5 test method, n—a definitive procedure that produces a
method and to illustrate how these elements combine into the
test result.
test result.
3.2.5.1 Discussion—Examples of test methods include, but
2. Referenced Documents
are not limited to: identification, measurement, and evaluation
2
of one or more qualities, characteristics, or properties. [ASTM
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Regulations 2.2.6]
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods 3.2.6 test observation, n—see observation.
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3.2.7 test result, n—the value of a characteristic obtained by
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
carrying out a specified test method.
ISO 3534 Statistics—Vocabulary and Symbols, Part 2:
NOTE 2—The test method specifies that one or a number of individual
Applied Statistics
observations be made, and their average or another appropriate function,
(such as the median or the standard deviation), be reported as the test
3. Terminology
result. It can also require standard corrections to be applied, such as
correction of gas volumes to standard temperature and pressure. Thus, a
3.1 Terminology E456 provides a more extensive list of
test result can be a result calculated from several observed values. In the
terms in E11 standards.
simple case, the test result is the observed value itself. ISO 3534-2
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.8 test specimen, n—the portion of a test sample needed
3.2.1 characteristic, n—a property of items in a sample or
to obtain a single test determination.
population which, when measured, counted or otherwise
3.2.8.1 Discussion—When used for a physical test, this is
observed, helps to distinguish between the items.
sometimes called “test piece.” For a chemical test, it is
3.2.2 observation, n—the process of obtaining information
sometimes called test portion or test sample. For optical and
regarding the presence or absence of an attribute of a test
other tests, it is also sometimes called test sample. In inter-
specimen, or of making a reading on a characteristic or
laboratory evaluation of test methods and other statistical
dimension of a test specimen.
procedures, it is best to reserve the word sample for the whole
amount of material involved and not the individual test
NOTE 1—Observation is also associated with the attribute or measure-
ment information obtained from the process.The term “observed value” is specimens, pieces or portions being tested.
preferred for this second usage.
3.2.9 test sample, n—the total quantity of material (contain-
3.2.3 observed value, n—the value obtained by making an
ing one or more test specimens) needed to obtain a test result
observation.
as specified in the test method. See test result.
4. Significance and Use
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E11 on Quality and
Statistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.20 on Test Method
4.1 All test methods have an output in the form of a test
Evaluation and Quality Control
result. This guide provides information on the construction of
Current edition approved May 15, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally
test results from more elemental measurements.
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E2282 – 03. DOI:
10.1520/E2282-09.
4.2 A well defined test result is necessary before any
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
precision statements can be made about the test method.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4.2.1 Form and Style for ASTM Standards, Section A21,
the ASTM website.
requires that every test method shall contain a statement
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
regarding its precision, preferably as a result of an interlabo-
la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
www.iso.ch. ratory test program. Reporting of such studies is described in
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:E2282–03 Designation: E 2282 – 09
Standard Guide for
1
Defining the Test Result of a Test Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2282; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 The purpose of this standardguide is to provide guidelines for identifying the elements that comprise the test result of a test
method and to illustrate how these elements combine into the test result.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E 456 Terminology RelatedRelating to Quality and Statistics
2.2 International Standard:
3
International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology (VIM) ISO Standard:
ISO 3534 Statistics--Vocabulary and Symbols, Part 2: Applied Statistics
3. Terminology
3.1
3.1 Terminology E 456 provides a more extensive list of terms in E11 standards.
3.2 Definitions:
3.1.1
3.2.1 characteristic, n—a property of items in a sample or population which, when measured, counted or otherwise observed,
helps to distinguish between the items.
3.1.2
3.2.2 observation, n—the process of obtaining information regarding the presence or absence of an attribute of a test specimen,
or of making a reading on a characteristic or dimension of a test specimen.
NOTE 1—Observation is also associated with the attribute or measurement information obtained from the process. The term “observed value” is
preferred for this second usage.
3.1.3
3.2.3 observed value, n—the value obtained by making an observation.
3.1.4
3.2.4 test determination, n—the value of a characteristic or dimension of a single test specimen derived from one or more
observed values.
3.1.5
3.2.5 test method, n—a definitive procedure that produces a test result.
3.1.5.1
3.2.5.1 Discussion—Examples of test methods include, but are not limited to: identification, measurement, and evaluation of
one or more qualities, characteristics, or properties. [ASTM Regulations 2.2.6]
3.1.6
3.2.6 test observation, n—see observation.
3.1.7
3.2.7 test result, n—the value of a characteristic obtained by carrying out a specified test method.
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE11onQualityandStatisticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE11.20onTestMethodEvaluation
and Quality Control.
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published August 2003.on Test Method Evaluation and Quality Control
Current edition approved May 15, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E 2282–03.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 14.02.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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E2282–09
NOTE 2—The test method specifies that one or a number of individual observations be made, and their average or another appropriate function, (such
as the median or the standard deviation), be reported as the test result. It can also require standard corrections to be applied, such as correction of gas
volumes to standard temperature and pressure.Thus, a test result can be a result calculated from several observed values. In the simple case, the test result
is the observed value itself. ISO3534-2 (3.3.4.1)
3.1.8 ISO 3534-2
3.2.8 test specimen, n—the portion of a test unitsample needed to obtain a single test determination. Note3—When
3.2.8.1 Discussion—When used for a physical test, this is sometimes called “test piece.” For a chemical test, it is sometimes
called test portion or test sample. For optical and other tests, it is also sometimes called test sample. In interlaboratory evaluation
of test methods and other statistical procedures, it is best to reserve the word sample for the whole amount of material involved
and not the individual test specimens, pieces or portions being tested.
3.1.93.2.9 test un
...