ASTM D3987-06

Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended as a rapid means for obtaining an extract of solid waste. The extract may be used to estimate the release of certain constituents of the solid waste under the laboratory conditions described in this procedure.
This test method is not intended to provide an extract that is representative of the actual leachate produced from a solid waste in the field or to produce extracts to be used as the sole basis of engineering design.
This test method is not intended to simulate site-specific leaching conditions. It has not been demonstrated to simulate actual disposal site leaching conditions.
The intent of this test method is that the final pH of the extract reflect the interaction of the extractant with the buffering capacity of the solid waste.
The intent of this test method is that the water extraction simulate conditions where the solid waste is the dominant factor in determining the pH of the extract.
The test method produces an extract that is amenable to the determination of both major and minor constituents. When minor constituents are being determined, it is especially important that precautions are taken in sample storage and handling to avoid possible contamination of the samples.
This test method has been tested to determine its applicability to certain inorganic components in the solid waste. The test method has not been tested for applicability to organic substances and volatile matter (see 5.3).
The agitation technique, rate, and liquid-to-solid ratio specified in the procedure may not be suitable for extracting all types of solid wastes. (See Sections 7, 8, and the discussion in Appendix X1.)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for leaching of solid waste to obtain an aqueous solution to be used to determine the materials leached under the specified testing conditions.
1.2 This test method provides for the shaking of a known weight of waste with water of specified composition and the separation of the aqueous phase for analysis.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2006
• ICS: 13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.01.04 - Waste Leaching Techniques

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D3987-85(2004) - Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2006
• Replaced By: ASTM D3987-12 - Standard Practice for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D6954-18 - Standard Guide for Exposing and Testing Plastics that Degrade in the Environment by a Combination of Oxidation and Biodegradation
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2006
• Referred By: ASTM C1709-22 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Alternative Supplementary Cementitious Materials (ASCM) for Use in Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D8082-18 - Standard Specification for Elemental Impurity Limits in Erosion Control Products used for Land Application
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E1266-20 - Standard Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D6234-13(2020) - Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Mining Waste by the Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D4646-16 - Standard Test Method for 24-h Batch-Type Measurement of Contaminant Sorption by Soils and Sediments
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E2060-22 - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E2278-13(2019) - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine Reclamation: Revegetation and Mitigation of Acid Mine Drainage
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E2277-14(2019) - Standard Guide for Design and Construction of Coal Ash Structural Fills
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2006

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3987 − 06
StandardTest Method for
1
Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3987; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Definitions
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for leaching of 3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, see
solid waste to obtain an aqueous solution to be used to
Terminology D1129.
determine the materials leached under the specified testing
conditions.
4. Significance and Use
1.2 This test method provides for the shaking of a known
4.1 This test method is intended as a rapid means for
weight of waste with water of specified composition and the
obtaining an extract of solid waste. The extract may be used to
separation of the aqueous phase for analysis.
estimate the release of certain constituents of the solid waste
under the laboratory conditions described in this procedure.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 This test method is not intended to provide an extract
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
that is representative of the actual leachate produced from a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
solid waste in the field or to produce extracts to be used as the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sole basis of engineering design.
4.3 This test method is not intended to simulate site-specific
2. Referenced Documents
leaching conditions. It has not been demonstrated to simulate
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
actual disposal site leaching conditions.
C471M Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Gypsum and
4.4 The intent of this test method is that the final pH of the
Gypsum Products (Metric)
extract reflect the interaction of the extractant with the buffer-
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
ing capacity of the solid waste.
D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Design
3
and Construction Purposes (Withdrawn 2011)
4.5 The intent of this test method is that the water extraction
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
simulate conditions where the solid waste is the dominant
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
factor in determining the pH of the extract.
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
4.6 The test method produces an extract that is amenable to
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
the determination of both major and minor constituents. When
D2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample
minor constituents are being determined, it is especially
of Coal
important that precautions are taken in sample storage and
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
handling to avoid possible contamination of the samples.
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
4.7 This test method has been tested to determine its
Lot or Process
applicability to certain inorganic components in the solid
waste. The test method has not been tested for applicability to
organic substances and volatile matter (see 5.3).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
4.8 The agitation technique, rate, and liquid-to-solid ratio
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.04 on Waste
specified in the procedure may not be suitable for extracting all
Leaching Techniques.
types of solid wastes. (See Sections 7, 8, and the discussion in
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006. Published October 2006. Originally
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D3987 – 85 (2004). Appendix X1.)
DOI: 10.1520/D3987-06.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5. Apparatus
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5.1 Agitation Equipment, of any type that rotates about a
the ASTM website.
3
central axis at a rate of 29 r/min, Fig. 1. (See discussion of
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. agitation in Appendix X1.)
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D3987 − 06
FIG. 1 Extractor
5.2 Membrane Filter Assembly—A borosilicate glass or tration of volatile extracts in the extract.) Containers should be
stainless steel funnel with a flat, fritted base of the same cleaned in a manner
...