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ASTM F2685-14(2022)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Training of a Land Search Team Leader (STL)

Standard Guide for Training of a Land Search Team Leader (STL)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities that a person must have to perform as a Land Search Team Leader. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as a Land Search Team Leader shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals, organizations, and agencies that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search Team Leader.  
4.3.1 Determining the requirements and qualifications for team members is the responsibility of the AHJ.  
4.3.2 The AHJ shall determine the depth or detail of training required to meet these needs.  
4.3.3 Nothing in this standard precludes an AHJ from requiring additional knowledge, skills, or abilities for its members.  
4.4 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide specific information needed by an STL or AHJ.  
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or other document to determine if its content meets the necessary topics for training an STL. Likewise, the guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search Team Leader.  
4.7 The knowledge, skills, and abilities defined in this guide are not presented in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.8 A Land Search Team Leader shall document his or her training by completion of a position task book, compliant with Guide F3068, or by field demonstration under qualified supervision.  
4.9 Unless stated otherwise, an ability or proficiency in a skill shall be demonstrated for initial qualification and then as often as required by the AHJ.  
4.10 Except where a physical skill or ability must be demonstrated, the AHJ shall determine the best way to evaluate a person’s knowledge. This may be by writ...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard for Land Search Team Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search-specific knowledge, skills, and experience.  
1.2 A Land Search Team Leader searches on the surface of the land only, including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure.  
1.3 This guide does not provide the minimum training requirements for searching in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.4 No knots, rope, litter, or other rescue skills are required of a Land Search Team Leader.  
1.5 A Land Search Team Leader can be utilized as a field team leader, a single resource for sign cutting, a support person for a canine search team, and to establish search area boundaries in the field.  
1.6 A Land Search Team Leader is eligible to supervise Type II search teams or crews as defined in Classification F1993. Type II teams which may utilize personnel trained to this standard are:  
1.6.1 Kind A (wilderness);  
1.6.2 Kind B (urban);  
1.6.3 Kind C (mountainous);  
1.6.4 Kind J (evidence/cadaver);  
1.6.5 King K (missing aircraft).  
1.7 Further training may be required before a Land Search Team Leader can participate on a particular kind of search team, depending on the AHJ’s regulations or policies.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued b...

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2022
ICS
13.200 - Accident and disaster control
Technical Committee
F32 - Search and Rescue
Drafting Committee
F32.03 - Personnel, Training and Education
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM F1993-24 - Standard Classification System of Human Land Search and Rescue Resources
Effective Date
01-Apr-2024
Refers
ASTM F2890-17(2024) - Standard Guide for Hazard Awareness for Search and Rescue Personnel
Effective Date
01-Apr-2024
Refers
ASTM F3072-14(2020) - Standard Guide for Intermediate Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use (GPS/GNSS-IIW) Endorsement
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Refers
ASTM F1767-14(2020) - Standard Guide for Forms Used for Search and Rescue
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Refers
ASTM F1583-95(2019) - Standard Practice for Communications Procedures—Phonetics
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Refers
ASTM F1773-09(2015) - Standard Terminology Relating to Climbing, Mountaineering, Search and Rescue Equipment and Practices (Withdrawn 2024)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015
Refers
ASTM F1767-14 - Standard Guide for Forms Used for Search and Rescue
Effective Date
01-Jul-2014
Refers
ASTM F3072-14 - Standard Guide for Intermediate Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use (GPS/GNSS-IIW) Endorsement
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Refers
ASTM F2890-12 - Standard Guide for Hazard Awareness for Search and Rescue Personnel
Effective Date
01-Sep-2012
Refers
ASTM F1583-95(2012) - Standard Practice for Communications Procedures—Phonetics
Effective Date
01-May-2012
Refers
ASTM F2209-10 - Standard Guide for Training of Level I Land Search Team Member
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Refers
ASTM F1773-09 - Standard Terminology Relating to Climbing, Mountaineering, Search and Rescue Equipment and Practices
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Refers
ASTM F1633-97(2008) - Standard Guide for Techniques in Land Search (Withdrawn 2017)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2008
Refers
ASTM F1583-95(2006) - Standard Practice for Communications Procedures-Phonetics
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Refers
ASTM F1993-99(2005) - Standard Classification of Human Search and Rescue Resources (Withdrawn 2014)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005

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ASTM F2685-14(2022) - Standard Guide for Training of a Land Search Team Leader (STL)ASTM F2685-14(2022) - Standard Guide for Training of a Land Search Team Leader (STL)
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ASTM F2685-14(2022) - Standard Guide for Training of a Land Search Team Leader (STL)
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2685 − 14 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Guide for
Training of a Land Search Team Leader (STL)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2685; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
for Land Search Team Leaders as it relates to their general,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
field, and search-specific knowledge, skills, and experience.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 A Land Search Team Leader searches on the surface of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the land only, including urban or disaster areas that may be
isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure. 2. Referenced Documents
1.3 This guide does not provide the minimum training 2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1583 Practice for Communications Procedures—Phonetics
requirements for searching in partially or fully collapsed
structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground F1633 Guide for Techniques in Land Search (Withdrawn
2017)
(such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).
F1767 Guide for Forms Used for Search and Rescue
1.4 No knots, rope, litter, or other rescue skills are required
F1773 Terminology Relating to Climbing, Mountaineering,
of a Land Search Team Leader.
Search and Rescue Equipment and Practices
1.5 A Land Search Team Leader can be utilized as a field
F1993 Classification System of Human Land Search and
team leader, a single resource for sign cutting, a support person
Rescue Resources
for a canine search team, and to establish search area bound-
F2209 Guide for Training of Land Search Team Member
aries in the field.
F2890 Guide for Hazard Awareness for Search and Rescue
Personnel
1.6 A Land Search Team Leader is eligible to supervise
F3068 Guide for Contents and Use of a Position Task Book
Type II search teams or crews as defined in Classification
(PTB)
F1993. Type II teams which may utilize personnel trained to
F3072 Guide for Intermediate Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use
this standard are:
(GPS/GNSS-IIW) Endorsement
1.6.1 Kind A (wilderness);
2.2 Other Documents:
1.6.2 Kind B (urban);
NWCG PMS 307 Work Capacity Testing for Wildland
1.6.3 Kind C (mountainous);
Firefighters
1.6.4 Kind J (evidence/cadaver);
1.6.5 King K (missing aircraft).
3. Terminology
1.7 Further training may be required before a Land Search
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Team Leader can participate on a particular kind of search
3.1.1 wilderness, n—a setting in which the delivery of
team, depending on the AHJ’s regulations or policies.
patient care by SAR personnel is adversely affected by logis-
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tical complications, such as: an environment that is physically
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
stressful or hazardous to the patient, SAR personnel, or both;
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
remoteness of the patient’s location, such that it causes a delay
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
in the delivery of care to the patient; or lack of adequate
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
medical supplies, equipment, or transportation.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.03 on Personnel, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Training and Education. the ASTM website.
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published July 2022. Originally approved The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F2685 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/ www.astm.org.
F2685-14R22. http://www.nwcg.gov/pms/pubs/newshelt/workcaptest_lo.pdf.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2685 − 14 (2022)
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this guide, see 5.2.1 The recommended minimum physical performance
GuideF1633,TerminologyF1773,ClassificationF1993,Guide requirement for a Land Search Team Leader is the “Moderate”
F2209, and other references within this guide. level as defined in NWCG PMS 307 (see Appendix X1).
4. Significance and Use 6. Personal and Team Equipment
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, 6.1 A Land Search Team Leader shall demonstrate profi-
and abilities that a person must have to perform as a Land ciency in the use and operation of all personal equipment.
Search Team Leader. No other skills are included or implied.
6.2 A Land Search Team Leader shall demonstrate profi-
4.2 Every person who is identified as a Land Search Team ciency in the use and operation of all team equipment required
Leader shall have met the requirements of this guide. by the AHJ.
4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals, organizations, 6.3 A Land Search Team Leader shall possess and demon-
strate the ability to use all personal protective equipment
and agencies that wish to identify the minimum training
required for a Land Search Team Leader. required by the AHJ.
4.3.1 Determining the requirements and qualifications for
7. General Knowledge and Skills
team members is the responsibility of the AHJ.
4.3.2 TheAHJshalldeterminethedepthordetailoftraining
7.1 A Land Search Team Leader shall have met all of the
required to meet these needs.
qualifications for, and have functioned as a Land Search Team
4.3.3 Nothing in this standard precludes an AHJ from
Member (Guide F2209) or equivalent for a length of time
requiring additional knowledge, skills, or abilities for its
determined by the AHJ.
members.
7.1.1 Itisrecommendedthatthistimeperiodshallbenoless
than one year.
4.4 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with
the referenced documents to provide specific information
7.2 A Land Search Team Leader shall have successfully
needed by an STL or AHJ.
completed the National Incident Management System (NIMS)
course ICS-200 “ICS for Single Resources and Initial Action
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or other
Incidents.”
document to determine if its content meets the necessary topics
for training an STL. Likewise, the guide can be used to
7.3 A Land Search Team Leader shall have met all qualifi-
evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the
cations for Standard Guide for Hazardous Awareness for
requirements in this guide.
Search and Rescue Personnel (Guide F2890) or equivalent.
4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an
7.4 ALand Search Team Leader shall complete the Depart-
outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land
ment of Interior, Office ofAviation Management (DOI OAM),
Search Team Leader.
Course A100—Basic Aviation Safety, or equivalent training.
4.7 The knowledge, skills, and abilities defined in this guide
7.5 A Land Search Team Leader shall earn and maintain
are not presented in any particular order and do not represent
certification in adult, child, and two-rescuer CPR.
a training sequence.
7.6 A Land Search Team Leader shall earn and maintain
4.8 A Land Search Team Leader shall document his or her
certification in Wilderness First Aid or a more advanced level
training by completion of a position task book, compliant with
of emergency care.
Guide F3068, or by field demonstration under qualified super-
vision.
8. Leadership Knowledge and Skills
4.9 Unless stated otherwise, an
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for training those who normally work in natural environments solely subject to terrain and weather-related risks who may be asked to respond to, or who may encounter, the operations defined in 1.2.  
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4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.  
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4.2 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to operate in an alpine environment as a part of a larger team. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.3 An Alpine Endorsement indicates that a person is qualified to operate safely and effectively in the alpine environment in his or her normal area of operations.  
4.3.1 An Alpine Endorsement alone does not indicate that an individual possesses adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions.  
4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an Alpine Endorsed individual, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate in the alpine environment. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.6 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to conduct search and/or rescue in the alpine environment.  
4.8 Though this guide establishes only mi...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.  
1.2 An Alpine Endorsement is intended only for those individuals capable of operating in the extreme conditions of the alpine environment, at altitudes that are likely to have a negative impact on human physiology.  
1.2.1 Specifically, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in an alpine environment.  
1.2.2 In addition, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain alone.  
1.3 An Alpine Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined in this guide.  
1.4 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.5 An Alpine Endorsed individual may be a member of a Mountainous or Alpine Land Search Team or Task Force or Group, as defined in Classification F1993.  
1.6 Alpine Endorsed SAR personnel must work under qualified supervision as deemed appropriate by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established i...

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ASTM
ASTM F3070-14(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluating Area Search Dog Crews or Teams

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 An area search dog crew or team is required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities outlined within this document.  
4.1.1 An area search dog crew or team which meets the requirements in this guide is a Canine Search Resource of the category Area Search Dog as defined in Classification F1848 for Canine Search Resources.  
4.1.2 Additional differentiation of the specific Canine Search Resource is defined in Classification F1848 for Canine Search Resources.  
4.2 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for an area search dog crew or team to perform area searches. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.3 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an area search dog team or crew, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.4 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training area search dog crews or teams. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.5 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in this guide are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.6 Though this guide establishes minimum training requirements, it does not imply that an area search dog team or crew is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similarly termed part of an organization.  
4.6.1 The AHJ is responsible for determining the requirements and qualifications for its member ratings.  
4.7 An area search dog crew or team shall document training by completion of a position task book, compliant with Guide F3068, or by field demonstration under qualified supervision. Where proficiency in a skill or ability must be demonstrated, unless stated otherwise it shall be demonstrated for initial qualification, and then as often as required by the AHJ.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a dog crew or team to perform an area search.  
1.2 Area search dog crews or teams perform searches on the surface of the land, including open urban or wilderness areas, as well as mountainous terrain and alpine environments.  
1.2.1 Additional training shall be required for area search dog crews or teams that search in mountainous terrain, alpine environments, or underground.  
1.3 This guide does not include the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to search in partially or fully collapsed structures, confined spaces, or on bodies of water, inland or oceanic.  
1.4 Area search dog crews or teams trained to meet the requirements of this guide may operate in urban and disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.  
1.5 Area search dog crews or teams must work under qualified supervision deemed appropriate by the AHJ.  
1.6 This guide does not provide a theoretical basis for how an area search dog crew or team functions.  
1.7 Search dog crews or teams are eligible to be members of Type I and II SAR crews or teams of the following Kinds, as defined in Classification F1993:  
1.7.1 Kind A (Wilderness),  
1.7.2 Kind B (Urban),  
1.7.3 Kind C (Mountainous),  
1.7.4 Kind G (Cave),  
1.7.5 Kind H (Mine),  
1.7.6 Kind I (Avalanche),  
1.7.7 Kind K (Aircraft), and  
1.7.8 Kind L (Unclassified).  
1.8 Further training may be required before an area search dog crew or team can fully participate on a particular Type and Kind of team or crew, based on specific local needs, regulations, or policies.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was develop...

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ASTM
ASTM F1847-14(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Minimum Training of Search Dog Crews or Teams

SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for training of search dog crews or teams as it relates to their general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities specific to their use in Search and Rescue (SAR) operations.  
1.2 Search dog crews perform searches on the surface of the land, including in mountainous terrain, alpine environments, and on inland water bodies.  
1.3 This guide does not include the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to search in partially or fully collapsed structures, confined spaces, underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), in mountainous terrain, in an alpine environment, or on the water.  
1.4 This guide does not provide a theoretical basis for how a search dog crew operates; rather it describes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a search dog crew to function safely and effectively.  
1.5 A search dog crew is able to respond into the field and back country to locate subjects in the wilderness environment.  
1.6 A search dog crew is required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities outlined within this guide.  
1.7 Search dog crews are eligible to be members of Type I and II SAR teams or crews as defined in Classification F1993.  
1.7.1 Personnel trained in accordance with this guide may be members of Type I and II teams or crews of Kind A (Wilderness), Kind B (Urban), Kind C (Mountainous), Kind D (Disaster/collapsed structure), Kind E (Inland water), Kind I (Avalanche), and Kind J (Evidence/human remains), and may operate in urban and disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.  
1.8 Further training may be required before a search dog crew can fully participate on a particular type and kind of team or crew, based on specific local need, regulations, or policies.  
1.9 Search dog crews shall work under qualified supervision, as deemed appropriate by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1848-14(2022)(Classification)
Standard Classification System for Canine Search Resources

ABSTRACT
This classification aids search and rescue managers in ordering resources for search and rescue incidents and to aid dog handlers in communicating the types of tasks for which they and their dogs have trained. This classification is intended as a supplement to the resource typing specifications of the Incident Command System and specifically as a means of typing search and rescue dog resources and is suitable for classifying dog resources for a wide variety of emergency management purposes including both search and rescue and law enforcement incidents. This classification does not attempt to put forth standards of performance or training for dogs or their handlers. Search and rescue dog under this classification is either Type I or Type II, based upon whether or not the dog can effectively discriminate between the human scent of different individuals. Kind classifications of SAR dog resources are based upon the specific tasks for which dogs are deployed and include: Kind A, area search dog; Kind B, avalanche search dog; Kind C, cadaver search dog; Kind D, disaster/collapsed structure search dog; Kind E, evidence search dog; Kind F, railing search dog; Kind G, tracking search dog; and Kind H, water search.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard may be used to classify canine search resources (commonly referred to as search dog teams or crews) for emergency management operations, including search and rescue and law enforcement missions.  
4.2 Classification of canine search resources is based upon the training of the dog and its handler and their ability to perform specific tasks.  
4.3 Canine search resources are classified by category, kind, and type.  
4.4 A canine search resource may be more than one category.  
4.5 A canine search resource may be more than one kind.  
4.6 A particular kind of canine search resource can only be one type.  
4.7 A canine search resource’s type can vary, depending on its kind.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification system defines canine search resources in terms of their training and capabilities.  
1.2 This classification system is intended to aid emergency managers ordering resources for search and rescue incidents. These classifications also provide a means by which dog handlers can convey to emergency management the tasks for which they and their dogs are trained.  
1.3 This classification system does not define standards of performance or training for canine search resources.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3069-14(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Requirements for Bodies That Operate Certification Programs in the Field of Search and Rescue

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A certification body issuing certifications in the field of search and rescue is required to meet the requirements identified in this guide.  
4.2 This guide can be used by an authority having jurisdiction to determine whether to accept a certification from a certification body.  
4.3 This guide can be used by an authority having jurisdiction to validate audit a certifying body.  
4.4 This guide can be used by a certifying body to validate that its certification scheme, certification process, and certification system meet industry standards.  
4.5 Any certification body operating in accordance to ANSI-ISO-IEC 17024 or equivalent shall be considered to be in compliance with this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines the organizational structure, policies, and procedures required to operate a certification program in the field of search and rescue.  
1.2 Certifications are used by authorities having jurisdiction as a component to their credentialing process, typically to demonstrate one component of an individual’s ability to field.  
1.3 Certifications are typically provided by third party, disinterested providers and are commonly used to validate an individual’s, team’s, or authority having jurisdiction’s training program in a particular area.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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