ASTM D4445-23

Standard Test Method for Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful as a screening procedure for selecting fungicides or formulations for more rigorous field evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This (laboratory) test method is used for determining the minimum concentration of fungicide, or formulation of fungicides, that is effective in preventing biodeterioration by sapstain fungi and molds in selected species of wood under optimum laboratory conditions.  
Note 1: From the results of this test, commercial treating solution concentrations cannot be estimated without further field tests.  
1.2 The requirements for test materials and procedures are discussed in the following order:    
Section  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Apparatus  
6  
Reagents  
7  
Wood  
8  
Test Fungi  
9  
Culture Media  
10  
Preparation of Inoculum  
11  
Preparation of Test Chambers  
12  
Treatment of Samples  
13  
Inoculation and Incubation  
14  
Evaluation of the Test  
15  
Report  
16  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Apr-2023
• ICS: 79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
• Technical Committee: D07 - Wood
• Drafting Committee: D07.06 - Treatments for Wood Products

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4445 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on
1
Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This (laboratory) test method is used for determining the
minimum concentration of fungicide, or formulation of D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-
ucts
fungicides, that is effective in preventing biodeterioration by
sapstain fungi and molds in selected species of wood under D1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Soft-
woods
optimum laboratory conditions.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
NOTE 1—From the results of this test, commercial treating solution
D5590 Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Paint
concentrations cannot be estimated without further field tests.
Films and Related Coatings to Fungal Defacement by
1.2 The requirements for test materials and procedures are
Accelerated Four-Week Agar Plate Assay
discussed in the following order:
3. Terminology
Section
Summary of Test Method 4
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
Apparatus 6
Reagents 7
method, refer to Terminologies D9 and D1165.
Wood 8
Test Fungi 9
4. Summary of Test Method
Culture Media 10
Preparation of Inoculum 11
4.1 Unseasoned sapwood specimens are treated either by
Preparation of Test Chambers 12
spraying with, or by immersing in, solutions or dispersions of
Treatment of Samples 13
a fungicide formulation prepared at five or more concentration
Inoculation and Incubation 14
Evaluation of the Test 15
levels. The specimens are exposed to sapstain fungi and molds.
Report 16
Options for testing the toxicity of fungicides include testing
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
against individual fungi or against several fungi by using a
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
mixed spore suspension for the inoculation of the specimens.
standard.
4.2 The intensity of surface fungal growth is estimated after
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
incubation and the results used to determine the minimum
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
chemical treatment concentration giving zero growth (CGo).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 This test method is useful as a screening procedure for
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
selecting fungicides or formulations for more rigorous field
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
evaluation.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
6. Apparatus
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
6.1 Incubation Room (or Incubation Cabinet), maintained at
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
a temperature of 25 °C 6 1 °C, and relative humidity between
70 % and 80 %.
6.2 Steam Sterilizer.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.06 on Treatments for Wood
2
Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 15, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D4445 – 10 (2019). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D4445-23. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4445 − 23
6.3 Containers: 9.1.2.1 Trichoderma pseudokoningii Rifai (ATCC 26801).
6.3.1 Sterile Petri Dishes, with minimum size of 140 mm 9.1.2.2 Cephaloascus fragrans Hanawa (ATCC 12091).
(diameter) by 20 mm (height) with lid or,
9.1.2.3 Clonostachys rosea (Link:Fries) (ATCC 10521).
6.3.2 Aluminum Pans, with minimum size of 240 mm by
9.2 Softwoods:
100 mm by 20 mm (height) with aluminum foil cover.
9.2.1 Sapstain Fungi:
6.4 Spacers:
9.2.1.1 Diplodia gossypina Cooke (Pole-Evans, anamorph)
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4445 − 10 (Reapproved 2019) D4445 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on
1
Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This (laboratory) test method is used for determining the minimum concentration of fungicide, or formulation of fungicides,
that is effective in preventing biodeterioration by sapstain fungi and molds in selected species of wood under optimum laboratory
conditions.
NOTE 1—From the results of this test, commercial treating solution concentrations cannot be estimated without further field tests.
1.2 The requirements for test materials and procedures are discussed in the following order:
Section
Summary of Test Method 4
Apparatus 6
Reagents 7
Wood 8
Test Fungi 9
Culture Media 10
Preparation of Inoculum 11
Preparation of Test Chambers 12
Treatment of Samples 13
Inoculation and Incubation 14
Evaluation of the Test 15
Report 16
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.06 on Treatments for Wood Products.
Current edition approved July 1, 2019April 15, 2023. Published August 2019May 2023. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20152019 as
D4445–10(2015).D4445 – 10 (2019). DOI: 10.1520/D4445-10R19.10.1520/D4445-23.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4445 − 23
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Products
D1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Softwoods
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D5590 Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Paint Films and Related Coatings to Fungal Defacement by Accelerated
Four-Week Agar Plate Assay
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminologies D9 and D1165.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Unseasoned sapwood specimens are treated either by spraying with, or by immersing in, solutions or dispersions of a fungicide
formulation prepared at five or more concentration levels. The specimens are exposed to sapstain fungi and molds. Options for
testing the toxicity of fungicides include testing against individual fungi or against several fungi by using a mixed spore suspension
for the inoculation of the specimens.
4.2 The intensity of surface fungal growth is estimated after incubation and the results used to determine the minimum chemical
treatment concentration giving zero growth (CGo).
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is useful as a screening procedure for selecting fungicides or formulations for more rigorous field evaluation.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Incubation Room (or Incubation Cabinet), maintained at a temperature of 25 6 1°C,25 °C 6 1 °C, and relative humidity
between 7070 % and 80 %.
6.2 Steam Sterilizer.
6.3 Containers:
6.3.1 Sterile Petri Dishes, with minimum size of 140140 mm (diameter) by 20 mm (height) with lid or,
6.3.2 Aluminum Pans, with minimum size of 240 by 100240 mm by 100 mm by 20 mm (height) with aluminum foil cover.
6.4 Spacers:
6.4.1 U-Shaped Glass Rod,or Straight Glass Rods, with 3 mm diameter or,
6.4.2 Polyethylene Mesh, cut to cover the bottom of the selected container(s).
7. Reagents
7.1 Purity of Water—Reference to water shall be understood to mean sterile reagent water conforming to Type IV of
...