ASTM D2786-91(2011)

Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types Analysis of Gas-Oil Saturates Fractions by High Ionizing Voltage Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 205 to 540°C (400 to 1000°F) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties.
This test method, when used together with Test Method D3239, provides a detailed analysis of the hydrocarbon composition of such materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by high ionizing voltage mass spectrometry of seven saturated hydrocarbon types and one aromatic type in saturate petroleum fractions having average carbon numbers 16 through 32. The saturate types include alkanes (0-rings), single-ring naphthenes, and five fused naphthene types with 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 rings. The nonsaturate type is monoaromatic. Noncondensed naphthenes are analyzed as single rings. Samples must be nonolefinic and must contain less than 5 volume % monoaromatic. Composition data are in volume percent.  
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2011
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.04.0M - Mass Spectrometry

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2786-91(2006) - Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types Analysis of Gas-Oil Saturates Fractions by High Ionizing Voltage Mass Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D2549-23 - Standard Test Method for Separation of Representative Aromatics and Nonaromatics Fractions of High-Boiling Oils by Elution Chromatography
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2786 − 91 (Reapproved2011)
Standard Test Method for
Hydrocarbon Types Analysis of Gas-Oil Saturates Fractions
by High Ionizing Voltage Mass Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2786; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Quantitative Analysis from a Batch Inlet (Withdrawn
1992)
1.1 This test method covers the determination by high
ionizing voltage mass spectrometry of seven saturated hydro-
3. Terminology
carbon types and one aromatic type in saturate petroleum
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
fractions having average carbon numbers 16 through 32. The
3.1.1 Characteristic Mass Groupings:
saturate types include alkanes (0-rings), single-ring
3.1.1.1
naphthenes, and five fused naphthene types with 2, 3, 4, 5, and
71 5 711851991113 alkanes . (1)
6 rings. The nonsaturate type is monoaromatic. Noncondensed ~ !
(
naphthenes are analyzed as single rings. Samples must be
3.1.1.2
nonolefinic and must contain less than 5 volume % monoaro-
69 5 69183197111111251139 1 2 ring . (2)
matic. Composition data are in volume percent. ~ !
(
3.1.1.3
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
109 5 109112311371151116511791193 2 2 ring . (3)
~ !
(
provided for information purposes only.
3.1.1.4
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
149 5 1491163117711911205121912331247 3 2 ring .
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the ~ !
(
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- (4)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.1.5
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
189 5 1891203121712311245125912731287
(
2. Referenced Documents
1301 ~4 2 ring!. (5)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.1.6
D2549 Test Method for Separation of Representative Aro-
229 5 22912431257127112851299131313271341
(
matics and Nonaromatics Fractions of High-Boiling Oils
1355 5 2 ring . (6)
~ !
by Elution Chromatography
D3239 Test Method forAromatic TypesAnalysis of Gas-Oil
3.1.1.7
Aromatic Fractions by High Ionizing Voltage Mass Spec-
269 5 269128312971311132513391353136713811395
(
trometry
E137 Practice for Evaluation of Mass Spectrometers for 1409 ~6 2 ring!. (7)
3.1.1.8
91 5 911105111711191129113111331143114511471157
(
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
11591171 monoaromatic . (8)
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee ~ !
D02.04.0M on Mass Spectroscopy.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originally 4. Summary of Test Method
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D2786 – 91 (2006).
4.1 The relative abundance of alkanes (0-ring), 1-ring,
DOI: 10.1520/D2786-91R11.
Hood, A., and O’Neal, M. J., Advances in Mass Spectrometry, AMSPA, 2-ring, 3-ring, 4-ring, 5-ring, and 6-ring naphthenes in petro-
Waldron, 1959, p. 175.
leum saturate fractions is determined by mass spectrometry
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2786 − 91 (2011)
using a summation of mass fragment groups most characteris- 6.2 Sample Inlet System—Anyinletsystemmaybeusedthat
tic of each molecular type. Calculations are carried out by the permits the introduction of the sample without loss, contami-
use of inverted matrices (derived from ion intensity calibration
nation, or change in composition. The system must function in
sensitivities) that are specific for any average carbon number.
the range from 125 to 350°C to provide an appropriate
The saturate fraction is obtained by liquid elution chromatog-
sampling device.
raphy, see Test Method D2549.
6.3 Microburet or Constant-Volume Pipet.
5. Significance and Use
7. Reagents
5.1 Aknowledgeofthehydrocarboncompositionofprocess
streamsandpetroleumproductsboilingwithintherangeof205
7.1 n-Hexadecane. (Warning—Combustible. Vapor harm-
to 540°C (400 to 1000°F) is useful in following the effect of
ful.)
changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant
upsets and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition
8. Calibration
on product performance properties.
8.1 Calibration matrix inverses are attached in Table 1
5.2 This test method, when used together with Test Method
which may be used directly provided the following procedures
D3239, provides a detailed analysis of the hydrocarbon com-
are followed.
position of such materials.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Mass Spectrometer—The suitability of the mass spec-
trometer to be used with this method shall be proven by
performance tests described both herein and in Practice E137.
TABLE 1 Calibration Matrix Inverses
^71 ^ 69 ^ 109 ^ 149 ^ 189 ^ 229 ^ 269 ^91
C Inverse
n-Alkanes
0 Ring 0.5344 −0.0292 −0.0066 0.0215 0.0299 . . −0.0151
1 Ring −0.0610 0.3403 −0.2146 −0.1162 −0.0362 . . −0.0112
2 Ring −0.0039 0.0170 0.8491 −0.6968 −0.3420 . . −0.0048
3 Ring 0.0000 −0.0004 + 0.0115 1.7220 −1.3545 . . 0.0152
4 Ring 0.0001 0.0004 0.0039 −0.0138 3.2594 . . −0.0485
MA −0.0007 −0.0029 −0.0237 −0.1566 −0.3494 . . 0.3521
Isoalkanes
0 Ring 0.6543 −0.0358 −0.0081 0.0264 0.0366 . . −0.0185
1 Ring −0.0866 0.3416 −0.2143 −0.1171 −0.0377 . . −0.0101
2 Ring −0.0053 0.0172 0.8492 −0.6968 −0.3420 . . −0.0046
3 Ring 0.0001 −0.0004 0.0115 1.7220 −1.3545 . . 0.0152
4 Ring 0.0000 0.0004 0.0039 −0.0138 3.2594 . . −0.0485
MA 0.0001 −0.0029 −0.0237 −0.1565 −0.3493 . . 0.3521
C Inverse
n-Alkanes
0 Ring 0.5243 −0.0311 −0.0075 0.0227 0.0322 . . −0.0163
1 Ring −0.0660 0.3403 −0.2130 −0.1164 −0.0385 . . −0.0121
2 Ring −0.0038 0.0154 0.8375 −0.6826 −0.3318 . . −0.0052
3 Ring 0.0000 −0.0004 0.0095 1.6824 −1.3111 . . 0.0166
4 Ring 0.0001 0.0004 0.0039 −0.0147 3.1247 . . −0.0527
MA −0.0007 −0.0027 −0.0220 −0.1514 −0.3331 . . 0.3612
Isoalkanes
0 Ring 0.6435 −0.0382 −0.0092 0.0279 0.0395 . . −0.0200
1 Ring −0.0942 0.3418 −0.2125 −0.1176 −0.0403 . . −0.0112
2 Ring −0.0054 0.0155 0.8375 −0.6826 −0.3319 . . −0.0052
3 Ring 0.0000 −0.0002 0.0090 1.6825 −1.3111 . . 0.0166
4 Ring 0.0000 0.0004 0.0040 −0.0147 3.1247 . . −0.0527
MA 0.0000 −0.0027 −0.0220 −0.1514 −0.3331 . . 0.3612
C Inverse
n-Alkanes
0 Ring 0.5175 −0.0338 −0.0085 0.0234 0.0344 . . −0.0178
1 Ring −0.0720 0.3404 −0.2091 −0.1183 −0.0404 . . −0.0136
2 Ring −0.0039 0.0138 0.8183 −0.6626 −0.3213 . . −0.0057
3 Ring 0.0000 −0.0003 0.0062 1.6426 −1.2784 . . 0.0179
4 Ring 0.0001 0.0004 0.0040 −0.0158 3.0158 . . −0.0567
MA −0.0007 −0.0025 −0.0206 −0.1445 −0.3010 . . 0.3677
Isoalkanes
0 Ring 0.6335 −0.0414 −0.0103 0.0286 0.0422 . . −0.0215
1 Ring −0.1016 0.3424 −0.2086 −0.1197 −0.0424 . . −0.0126
2 Ring −0.0054 0.0140 0.8184 −0.6626 −0.3214 . . −0.0056
3 Ring 0.0000 −0.0003 0.0062 1.6426 −1.2784 . . 0.0179
4 Ring 0.0000 0.0004 0.0040 −0.0158 3.0158 . . −0.0566
D2786 − 91 (2011)
TABLE 1 Continued
^71 ^ 69 ^ 109 ^ 149 ^ 189 ^ 229 ^ 269 ^91
MA −0.0002 −0.0025 −0.0206 −0.1445 −0.3200 . . 0.3677
C Inverse
n-Alkanes
0 Ring 0.5109 −0.0363 −0.0094 0.0202 0.0404 . . −0.0190
1 Ring −0.0773 0.3396 −0.2080 −0.1161 −0.0413 . . −0.0154
2 Ring −0.0038 0.0118 0.8076 −0.6491 −0.3184 . . −0.0061
3 Ring 0.0000 −0.0003 0.0032 1.6068 −1.2432 . . 0.0193
4 Ring 0.0001 0.0004 0.0041 −0.0179 2.9192 . . −0.0614
MA −0.0008 −0.0023 −0.0192 −0.1369 −0.2980 . . 0.3764
Isoalkanes
0 Ring 0.6239 −0.0443 −0.0115 0.0246 0.0494 . . −0.0232
1 Ring −0.1079 0.3418 −0.2073 −0.1173 −0.0438 . . −0.0142
2 Ring −0.0053 0.0120 0.8077 −0.6493 −0.3184 . . −0.0061
3 Ring 0.0000 −0.0002 0.0030 1.6068 −1.2432 . . 0.0193
4 Ring 0.0001 0.0004 0.0041 −0.0179 2.9192 . . −0.0614
MA −0.0004 −0.0023 −0.0192 −0.1369 −0.2980 . . 0.3764
C Inverse
n-Alkanes
0 Ring 0.5099 −0.0397 0.0105 0.0183 0.0458 0.0412 . −0.0223
1 Ring −0.0835 0.3403 −0.2066 −0.1137 −0.0418 0.0375 . −0.0190
2 Ring −0.0036 0.0097 0.7972 −0.6412 −0.3106 −0.1542 . 0.0000
3 Ring 0.0000 −0.0003 −0.0014 1.5634 −1.2179 −0.5944 . 0.0468
4 Ring 0.0000 0.0000 0.0012 −0.0409 2.7690 −1.4656 . −0.0029
5 Ring 0.0004 0.001 0.0085 0.0630 0.0996 4.2055 . −0.1831
MA −0.0008 −0.0022 −0.0188 −0.1382 −0.2910 −0.4521 . 0.4049
Isoalkanes
0 Ring 0.6188 −0.0481 −0.0127 0.0222 0.0555 0.0499 . −0.0270
1 Ring −0.1151 0.3427 −0.2059 −0.1149 −0.0446 0.0350 . −0.0176
2 Ring −0.0051 0.0098 0.7972 −0.6412 −0.3107 −0.1544 . 0.0001
3 Ring 0.0001 −0.0003 −0.0014 1.5634 −1.2179 −0.5944 . 0.0468
4 Ring 0.0000 0.0000 0.0012 −0.0409 2.7690 −1.4656 . −0.0029
5 Ring 0.0003 0.0010 0.0085 0.0630 0.0996 4.2054 . −0.1831
MA −0.0007 −0.0022 −0.0188 −0.1382 −0.2910 −0.4521 . 0.4049
C Inverse
n-Alkanes
0 Ring 0.5077 −0.0431 −0.0119 0.0195 0.0454 0.0441 . −0.0242
1 Ring −0.0888 0.3393 −0.2025 −0.1147 −0.0429 0.0334 . −0.0212
2 Ring −0.0033 0.0074 0.7808 −0.6176 −0.3082 −0.1470 . −0.0003
3 Ring −0.0001 −0.0002 −0.0037 1.5192 −1.1698 −0.5596 . 0.0483
4 Ring 0.0000 0.0000 0.0014 −0.0416 2.6715 −1.4243 . −0.0056
5 Ring 0.0004 0.0009 0.0078 0.0592 0.0898 3.9781 . −0.1851
MA −0.0009 −0.0020 −0.0173 −0.1308 −0.2717 −0.4172 . −0.4123
Isoalkanes
0 Ring 0.6140 −0.0522 −0.0144 0.0235 0.0550 0.0533 . −0.0292
1 Ring −0.1216 0.3421 −0.2016 −0.1158 −0.0458 0.0305 . −0.0196
2 Ring −0.0048 0.0076 0.7811 −0.6176 −0.3082 −0.1472 . −0.0001
3 Ring −0.0001 −0.0002 −0.0037 1.5192 −1.1698 −0.5596 . 0.0483
4 Ring 0.0000 0.0000 0.0014 −0.0416 2.6715 −1.4232 . −0.0056
5 Ring 0.0005 0.0009 0.0078 0.0592 0.0893 3.9781 . −0.1851
MA −0.0010 −0.0020 −0.0173 −0.1308 −0.2717 −0.4172 . 0.4123
C Inverse
n-Alkanes
0 Ring 0.5084 −0.0474 −0.0133 0.0210 0.0435 0.0484 . −0.0263
1 Ring −0.0946 0.3397 −0.1995 −0.1145 −0.0440 0.0307 . −0.0240
2 Ring −0.0030 0.0050 0.7661 −0.6016 −0.3016 −0.1444 . −0.0005
3 Ring −0.0002 0.0000 −0.0072 1.4778 −1.1214 −0.5559 . 0.0517
4 Ring 0.0000 0.0000 0.0018 −0.0411 2.5629 −1.3179 . −0.0117
5 Ring 0.0004 0.0008 0.0072 0.0564 0.0829 3.7619 . −0.1890
MA −0.0010 −0.0018 −0.0161 −0.1252 −0.2574 −0.3897 . 0.4237
Isoalkanes
0 Ring 0.6096 0.0568 −0.0160 0.0252 0.0521 0.0580 . −0.0316
1 Ring −0.1267 0.3427 −0.1986 −0.1158 −0.0468 0.0277 . −0.0223
2 Ring −0.0044 0.0053 0.7662 −0.6016 −0.3018 −0.1445 . −0.0004
3 Ring −0.0003 0.0000 −0.0072 1.4778 −1.1213 −0.5559 . 0.0517
4 Ring 0.0001 0.0000 0.0018 −0.0411 2.5629 −1.3179 . −0.0177
5 Ring 0.0007 0.0008 0.0072 0.0564 0.0829 3.7619 . −0.1890
MA −0.0015 −0.0018 −0.0161 −0.1253 −0.2574 −0.3897 . 0.4238
D2786 − 91 (2011)
TABLE 1 Continued
^71 ^ 69 ^ 109 ^ 149 ^ 189 ^ 229 ^ 269 ^91
C Inverse
n-Alkanes
0 Ring 0.5093 −0.0518 −0.0153 0.0226 0.0407 0.0521 . −0.0285
1 Ring −0.1003 0.3404 −0.1976 −0.1142 −0.0446 0.0282 . −0.0269
2 Ring −0.0024 0.0021 0.7580 −0.5880 −0.3011 −0.1405 . −0.0008
3 Ring −0.0002 0.0001 −0.0103 1.4393 −1.0839 −0.5414 . 0.0542
4 Ring 0.0001 0.0000 0.0020 −0.0425 2.4806 −1.2840 . −0.0149
5 Ring 0.0005 0.0007 0.0066 0.0539 0.0750 3.6015 . −0.1927
MA −0.0011 −0.0017 −0.0148 −0.1189 −0.2409 −0.3560 . 0.4300
Isoalkanes
0 Ring 0.6093 −0.0619 −0.0183 0.0270 0.0487 0.0624 . −0.0341
1 Ring −0.1338 0.3439 −0.1965 −0.1156 −0.0473 0.0248 . −0.0250
2 Ring −0.0038 0.0023 0.7580 −0.5882 −0.3013 −0.1406 . −0.0008
3 Ring −0.0004 0.0001 −0.0103 1.4393 −1.0839 −0.5415 . 0.0542
4 Ring 0.0001 0.0000 0.0020 −0.0426 2.4806 −1.2840 . −0.0149
5 Ring 0.0009 0.0007 0.0066 0.0539 0.0750 3.6016 . −0.1927
MA −0.0190 −0.0016 −0.0148 −0.1189 −0.2410 −0.3561 . 0.4300
C Inverse
n-Alkanes
0 Ring 0.5105 −0.0566 −0.0174 0.0249 0.0434 0.0528 0.0372 −0.0324
1 Ring −0.1061 0.3414 −0.1960 −0.1128 −0.0420 0.0288 0.0761 −0.0337
2 Ring −0.0016 −0.0011 0.7505 −0.5807 −0.2908 −0.1418 0.0047 −0.0011
3 Ring −0.0003 0.0004 −0.0146 1.4098 −1.0564 −0.5371 −0.2987 0.0706
4 Ring 0.0000 −0.0001 0.0014 −0.0506 2.3673 −1.2328 −0.6560 0.0085
5 Ring 0.0004 0.0005 0.0048 0.0407 0.0457 3.3827 −0.9376 −0.1544
6 Ring 0.0005 0.0006 0.0055 0.0457 0.0911 0.1138 3.9809 −0.1763
MA −0.0012 −0.0015 −0.0143 −0.1190 −0.2369 −0.3388 −0.4136 0.4594
Isoalkanes
0 Ring 0.6094 −0.0675 −0.0208 0.0297 0.0518 0.0631 0.0444 −0.0397
1 Ring −0.1403 0.3451 −0.1948 −0.1145 −0.0449 0.0253 0.0736 −0.0315
2 Ring −0.0032 −0.0009 0.7506 −0.5808 −0.2910 −0.1420 0.0045 −0.0010
3 Ring −0.0006 0.0004 −0.0145 1.4098 −1.0564 −0.5352 −0.2986 0.0706
4 Ring 0.0000 −0.0001 0.0014 −0.0506 2.3673 −1.2328 −0.6560 0.0085
5 Ring 0.0009 0.0005 0.0048 0.0407 0.0457 3.3828 −0.9376 −0.1544
6 Ring 0.0010 0.0005 0.0055 0.0457 0.0911 0.1139 3.9809 −0.1764
MA −0.0026 −0.0014 −0.0142 −0.1190 −0.2370 −0.3389 −0.4137 0.4595
C Inverse
n-Alkanes
0 Ring 0.5132 −0.0621 −0.0196 0.0262 0.0471 0.0493 0.0383 −0.0344
1 Ring −0.1115 0.3425 −0.1930 −0.1133 −0.0435 0.0302 0.0753 −0.0380
2 Ring −0.0009 −0.0040 0.7378 −0.5623 −0.2821 −0.1450 −0.0032 −0.0005
3 Ring −0.0005 0.0006 −0.0185 1.3763 −1.0229 −0.5229 −0.2858 0.0741
4 Ring 0.0000 −0.0001 0.0019 −0.0520 2.2834 −1.1777 −0.6213 0.0034
5 Ring 0.0005 0.0005 0.0043 0.0389 0.0409 3.2347 −0.8915 −0.1577
6 Ring 0.0005 0.0005 0.0048 0.0424 0.0836 0.1304 3.7174 −0.1753
MA −0.0013 −0.0014 −0.0128 −0.1125 −0.2213 −0.3157 −0.3738 0.4652
Isoalkanes
0 Ring 0.6096 −0.0738 −0.0233 0.0311 0.0559 0.0586 0.0455 −0.0409
1 Ring −0.1449 0.3465 −0.1918 −0.1150 −0.0461 0.0256 0.0727 −0.0358
2 Ring −0.0023 −0.0039 0.7378 −0.5624 −0.2821 −0.1452 −0.0032 −0.0005
3 Ring −0.0008 0.0007 −0.0185 1.3762 −1.0229 −0.5229 −0.2857 0.0741
4 Ring 0.0000 −0.0001 0.0019 −0.0520 2.2834 −1.1777 −0.6213 0.0034
5 Ring 0.0011 0.0004 0.0043 0.0389 0.0410 3.2347 −0.8914 −0.1578
6 Ring 0.0012 0.0004 0.0048 0.0424 0.0836 0.1034 3.7175 −0.1754
MA −0.0032 −0.0012 −0.0127 −0.1126 −0.2215 −0.3159 −0.3740 0.4653
C Inverse
n-Alkanes
0 Ring 0.5161 −0.0679 −0.0225 0.0282 0.0500 0.0496 0.0388 −0.0369
1 Ring −0.1166 0.3429 −0.1912 −0.1146 −0.0445 0.0291 0.0764 −0.0425
2 Ring 0.0003 −0.0080 0.7313 −0.5486 −0.2776 −0.1391 −0.0096 −0.0006
3 Ring −0.0005 0.0010 −0.022
...