ASTM C650-04(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Chemical Substances
Standard Test Method for Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Chemical Substances
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended for testing ceramic tile that are to be used for food counters, lavatories, and similar residential, medical, and commercial installations, where they may come in contact with food, chemical, and waste substances and for tile in areas where they may be exposed to contact with strong cleaning agents.
The specification of 10 % hydrochloric acid solution and 10 % potassium hydroxide solution as normal testing fluids, and the length of exposure time and temperature are based on experimental laboratory work and interlaboratory tests, where it was indicated that resistance to these two substances probably assures resistance also to any other acidic or alkaline substance coming in contact with tile, except hydrofluoric acid.
The validity of using color difference as means of determining the degree to which tile surfaces are affected by acids and alkalies has been established by interlaboratory test and was found to be more reliable than the determination of loss of gloss, particularly for unglazed tile and mat or semimat glazed surfaces. Lack of coordination between instrumental value and visual effect was noted only in the case of minute surface changes, detectable only by oblique viewing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining whether, and to what degree, ceramic tiles are affected by prolonged exposure to chemical substances that are commonly used in the household or for cleaning purposes as well as other more severe conditions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 The units used for concentration in this standard are v/v which refers to the volume of reagent/1 L of solution and g/L which refers to the weight of reagent, in g, to be dissolved in 1 L of water.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C650 − 04(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
1
Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Chemical Substances
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C650; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope based on experimental laboratory work and interlaboratory
tests, where it was indicated that resistance to these two
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining
substances probably assures resistance also to any other acidic
whether, and to what degree, ceramic tiles are affected by
or alkaline substance coming in contact with tile, except
prolonged exposure to chemical substances that are commonly
hydrofluoric acid.
used in the household or for cleaning purposes as well as other
more severe conditions. 3.3 The validity of using color difference as means of
determining the degree to which tile surfaces are affected by
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
acids and alkalies has been established by interlaboratory test
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
and was found to be more reliable than the determination of
standard.
loss of gloss, particularly for unglazed tile and mat or semimat
1.2.1 The units used for concentration in this standard are
glazed surfaces. Lack of coordination between instrumental
v/v which refers to the volume of reagent/1 L of solution and
value and visual effect was noted only in the case of minute
g/L which refers to the weight of reagent, in g, to be dissolved
surface changes, detectable only by oblique viewing.
in 1 L of water.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Test Tubes, plain-end flint glass test tubes with a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
diameter of 20 mm and a length of 150 mm.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 Pipets, glass with a volume of at least 50 mL with
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
gradations in 1-mL increments.
2. Summary of Test Method
4.3 Oven, capable of maintaining a constant temperature of
2.1 This test method calls for one or more tests, each 110 6 5°C.
consisting of exposing flat pieces of ceramic tile to the action
4.4 Pencil, HB hardness grade.
of a specific chemical substance for a definite period of time at
4.5 Cloths, a supply of lintless, absorbent cloths or paper
a prescribed temperature. After exposure, the surfaces of the
towels.
tile are rinsed with water and inspected for effect.
4.6 Distilled or Deionized Water , for preparation of the
3. Significance and Use
solutions.
3.1 This test method is intended for testing ceramic tile that
4.7 Light Source, standard, that supplies a 300 lux of
are to be used for food counters, lavatories, and similar
illumination.
residential, medical, and commercial installations, where they
may come in contact with food, chemical, and waste sub-
5. Reagents
stances and for tile in areas where they may be exposed to
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
contact with strong cleaning agents.
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
3.2 The specification of 10 % hydrochloric acid solution
all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on
and 10 % potassium hydroxide solution as normal testing
Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where
2
fluids, and the length of exposure time and temperature are
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used,
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , American
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile. listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originally Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeial
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C650–04. DOI: and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
10.1520/C0650-04R09. MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C650 − 04 (2009)
provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently 6. Samples
high purity to permit its use without lesseni
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C650–97 Designation: C 650 – 04 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
1
Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Chemical Substances
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 650; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining whether, and to what degree, ceramic tiles are affected by prolonged
exposure to chemical substances that are commonly used in the household or for cleaning purposes as well as other more severe
conditions.
1.2The units used for concentration in this standard are v/v which refers to the volume of reagent/1 Lof solution and g/Lwhich
refers to the weight of reagent, in g, to be dissolved in 1 L of water.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 The units used for concentration in this standard are v/v which refers to the volume of reagent/1 L of solution and g/L
which refers to the weight of reagent, in g, to be dissolved in 1 L of water.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Summary of Test Method
2.1 This test method calls for one or more tests, each consisting of exposing flat pieces of ceramic tile to the action of a specific
chemical substance for a definite period of time at a prescribed temperature.After exposure, the surfaces of the tile are rinsed with
water and inspected for effect.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is intended for testing ceramic tile that are to be used for food counters, lavatories, and similar residential,
medical, and commercial installations, where they may come in contact with food, chemical, and waste substances and for tile in
areas where they may be exposed to contact with strong cleaning agents.
3.2 The specification of 10 % hydrochloric acid solution and 10 % potassium hydroxide solution as normal testing fluids, and
the length of exposure time and temperature are based on experimental laboratory work and interlaboratory tests, where it was
indicated that resistance to these two substances probably assures resistance also to any other acidic or alkaline substance coming
in contact with tile, except hydrofluoric acid.
3.3 The validity of using color difference as means of determining the degree to which tile surfaces are affected by acids and
alkalies has been established by interlaboratory test and was found to be more reliable than the determination of loss of gloss,
particularly for unglazed tile and mat or semimat glazed surfaces. Lack of coordination between instrumental value and visual
effect was noted only in the case of minute surface changes, detectable only by oblique viewing.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Test Tubes, plain-end flint glass test tubes with a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 150 mm.
4.2 Pipets, glass with a volume of at least 50 mL with gradations in 1-mL increments.
4.3 Oven, capable of maintaining a constant temperature of 110 6 5°C.
4.4 Pencil, HB hardness grade.
4.5 Cloths, a supply of lintless, absorbent cloths or paper towels.
4.6 Distilled or Deionized Water , for preparation of the solutions.
4.7 Light Source, standard, that supplies a 300 lux of illumination.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C-21C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1997.Jan. 1, 2009. Published February 1998.March 2009. Originally published as C650–70.approved in 1970. Last previous edition
´1
C650–83 (1995) .approved in 2004 as C 650–04.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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C 650 – 04 (2009)
5. Reagents
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where such
2
specifications are availabl
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