ASTM D1729-16
(Practice)Standard Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
Standard Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Although color measuring instruments are widely used, color matches are usually checked visually. The standardization of visual examination has greatly improved the uniformity of products and the accuracy of color matches.
4.2 The use of this practice is essential for critical color matching but is also recommended for any color appraisal, such as the choice or approval of a color. This practice is widely used in industry to choose colors, exhibit colors reproducibility, inspect incoming materials, monitor color producing processes, and inspect finished goods. Visual appraisal is particularly important when the product inspected is not of the same material as the color standard to which it is compared.
4.2.1 Observers—This practice is based on the fundamental assumption that the observer has superior color vision and is trained and experienced in observing and classifying color differences. The significance of the results depends on that being so. The selection, evaluation, and training of observers are treated in Guide E1499.
4.2.2 Illumination—Simulated average daylight, D65, is recommended by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). D50 is recommended for applications involving color photography or color printing as specified in ISO 3364-2009.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice specifies the equipment and procedures for visual appraisal of the colors and color differences of opaque materials that are diffusely illuminated. These specifications are of critical importance in color matching. This practice requires judgments by observers with a minimum of normal color vision and preferably superior as rated with the FM-100 Hue Test as specified in Guide E1499.
1.2 Critical visual appraisal of colors and color differences of materials such as metallic and pearlescent paints requires illumination that is nearly a geometric simulation of direct sunlight, because such directional illumination permits observation of the sparkle (glitter) and goniochromatism that characterize such materials. Such viewing conditions are beyond the scope of this practice.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D1729 − 16
Standard Practice for
Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color Differences of
1
Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1729; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
Thecolorsofmaterialsdependonthegeometricandspectralnatureoftheilluminatingandviewing
conditions. This practice specifies standard conditions for appraising the colors and color differences
of opaque specimens that are diffusely illuminated. Daylight, the natural illuminant, is usually of
primary interest, but natural daylight is highly variable and is not available at night or in interior
rooms, so simulated daylight is generally used. Colors may match under a light source with one
spectral power distribution, but not under another, so the match is usually confirmed under another
very different source. An incandescent lamp of low correlated color temperature has long been used
to detect mismatches likely to appear under yellower phases of daylight or incandescent light.
Industrial color matchers often verify the match with the kind of light likely to be found where the
product is sold or used. Judgments should be made by observers with superior color vision as rated
with the FM-100 Hue Test. Even so, there may be substantial individual differences in judgments.
1. Scope 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
1.1 This practice specifies the equipment and procedures for
only.
visual appraisal of the colors and color differences of opaque
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
materials that are diffusely illuminated. These specifications
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
are of critical importance in color matching. This practice
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
requires judgments by observers with a minimum of normal
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
color vision and preferably superior as rated with the FM-100
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Hue Test as specified in Guide E1499.
1.2 Critical visual appraisal of colors and color differences
2. Referenced Documents
of materials such as metallic and pearlescent paints requires
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
illumination that is nearly a geometric simulation of direct
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
sunlight, because such directional illumination permits obser-
D1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System
vation of the sparkle (glitter) and goniochromatism that char-
D4086 Practice for Visual Evaluation of Metamerism
acterize such materials. Such viewing conditions are beyond
D5531 GuideforPreparation,Maintenance,andDistribution
the scope of this practice.
of Physical Product Standards for Color and Geometric
Appearance of Coatings
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and
E284 Terminology of Appearance
Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.11 on Visual
E308 PracticeforComputingtheColorsofObjectsbyUsing
Methods.
the CIE System
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. Originally
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D1729 – 96 (2009).
DOI: 10.1520/D1729-16.
2
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Defense to replace Method 4249.1 of Federal Test Method Standard No 141. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Consult the DoD Index of Specifications and Standards for the specific year of issue Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
which has been adopted by the Department of Defense. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1729 − 16
E1164 PracticeforObtainingSpectrometricDataforObject- 6.1.1 Spectral Power Distribution—The spectral power dis-
Color Evaluation tribution of the radiant flux incident on the specimens depends
E1499 Guide for Selection, Evaluation, and Training of not only on the source used, but on the nature of any diffuser
Observers employed and any reflecting surfaces, including those in the
3
ambient field, that reflect flux to the specimens.
2.2 ISO/CIE Standard:
ISO 1052
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1729 − 96 (Reapproved 2009) D1729 − 16
Standard Practice for
Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color Differences of
1
Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1729; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The colors of materials depend on the geometric and spectral nature of the illuminating and viewing
conditions. This practice specifies standard conditions for appraising the colors and color differences
of opaque specimens that are diffusely illuminated. Daylight, the natural illuminant, is usually of
primary interest, but natural daylight is highly variable and is not available at night or in interior
rooms, so simulated daylight is generally used. Colors may match under a light source with one
spectral power distribution, but not under another, so the match is usually confirmed under another
very different source. An incandescent lamp of low correlated color temperature has long been used
to detect mismatches likely to appear under yellower phases of daylight or incandescent light.
Industrial color matchers often verify the match with the kind of light likely to be found where the
product is sold or used. Judgments mustshould be made by observers with normal color vision.
superior color vision as rated with the FM-100 Hue Test. Even so, there may be substantial individual
differences in judgments.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice specifies the equipment and procedures for visual appraisal of the colors and color differences of opaque
materials that are diffusely illuminated. These specificationspecifications are of critical importance in color matching. This practice
requires judgments by observers with normal color vision.a minimum of normal color vision and preferably superior as rated with
the FM-100 Hue Test as specified in Guide E1499.
1.2 Critical visual appraisal of colors and color differences of materials such as metallic and pearlescent paints requires
illumination that is nearly a geometric simulation of direct sunlight, because such directional illumination permits observation of
the glitter sparkle (glitter) and goniochromatism that characterize such materials. Such viewing conditions are beyond the scope
of this practice.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
D1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System
D4086 Practice for Visual Evaluation of Metamerism
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.11 on Visual Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009Jan. 1, 2016. Published December 2009February 2016. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20032009
as D1729 – 96 (2003).(2009). DOI: 10.1520/D1729–96R09.10.1520/D1729-16.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense to replace Method 4249.1 of Federal Test Method Standard No 141. Consult the DoD
Index of Specifications and Standards for the specific year of issue which has been adopted by the Department of Defense.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1729 − 16
D5531 Guide for Preparation, Maintenance, and Distribution of Physical Product Standards for Color and Geometric
Appearance of Coatings
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
E1164 Pract
...
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