ASTM D1981-11(2015)

Standard Test Method for Measuring Color After Heating of Tall Oil Fatty Acids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The color of a tall oil fatty acid is readily affected by heat and oxidization. Variations in degree of heat, time of heat, and exposure to atmosphere during heating have a marked effect on the color obtained; therefore, conformity to the equipment and procedure outlined in this test method is essential to accuracy and precision.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the Gardner color of tall oil fatty acids after heating in an atmosphere of nitrogen at 205°C for one or two hours, depending on whether its iodine value is over or under 15, respectively. The specimen may be heated using either an aluminum heating block or an oil bath. This method is applicable to all tall oil fatty acids. Applicability of this method to other types of fatty acids has not been determined.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2015
• ICS: 17.180.20 - Colours and measurement of light
• ICS: 87.060.20 - Binders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.34 - Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1981 − 11 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring Color After Heating of Tall Oil Fatty Acids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1981; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Heating Apparatus—Method A, Aluminum Block
1.1 ThistestmethodcoversthemeasurementoftheGardner 4.1 Forced Draft Oven, maintained at 205 6 2°C.
color of tall oil fatty acids after heating in an atmosphere of
4.2 Aluminum Heating Block (see Fig. 1). Wrap the outer
nitrogen at 205°C for one or two hours, depending on whether
surface with an appropriate insulating material.
its iodine value is over or under 15, respectively.The specimen
maybeheatedusingeitheranaluminumheatingblockoranoil
5. Heating Apparatus—Method B, Oil Bath
bath. This method is applicable to all tall oil fatty acids.
5.1 Oil Bath—A5-L steel beaker equipped with a mechani-
Applicability of this method to other types of fatty acids has
cal stirrer and containing any light-colored alkali-refined oil
not been determined.
such as hydrogenated cottonseed oil.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5.2 Heat Source—An electric immersion heater with suit-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
able thermostatic control may be used. The heater shall be of
only.
sufficient capacity so that when placing several tubes in the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
bath, the bath temperature does not drop by more than 5°C
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
below the minimum bath temperature and the recovery time to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
reach 205°C does not exceed 5 min.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.3 Test Tube Holder (see Fig. 2).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Materials
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 6.1 Thermometer Measuring Device—A thermometer con-
forming to the requirements of Specification E1 or an elec-
D1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gard-
ner Color Scale) tronic temperature measuring device, such as a resistance
thermometer or thermocouple. The device must exhibit the
D6166 Test Method for Color of Pine Chemicals and Re-
lated Products (Instrumental Determination of Gardner same temperature response as the thermometers specified in
Specification E1.
Color)
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1
6.2 Tubes, 25 mm (1 in.) in diameter, 240 mm (9 ⁄2 in.) in
length with ground-glass joints (see Fig. 3) and adapter.
3. Significance and Use
6.3 Timer, capable of registering up to 135 min.
3.1 The color of a tall oil fatty acid is readily affected by
heat and oxidization. Variations in degree of heat, time of heat, 6.4 Nitrogen, a source of nitrogen capable of being regu-
and exposure to atmosphere during heating have a marked lated to a pressure of 7 to 14 kPa (1 to 2 psi).
effect on the color obtained; therefore, conformity to the
6.5 BubbleCounterforNitrogen—As a liquid, use a portion
equipment and procedure outlined in this test method is
of tall oil fatty acid, instead of water or mercury.
essential to accuracy and precision.
6.6 Gardner Color Tubes or 1 cm Cuvet—See Test Methods
D1544 or D6166.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
7. Procedure—Method A, Aluminum Block
Subcommittee D01.34 on Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally
7.1 Insert the thermometer into the aluminum block. Place
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D1981 – 11. DOI:
the block in a forced-draft oven maintained at a temperature of
10.1520/D1981-11R15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 205 6 2°C.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.2 Fill a clean, dry tube to a depth of approximately 125
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. mm with the specimen.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1981 − 11 (2015)
FIG. 1 Eight Hole Aluminum Heating Block
7.3 Place a fitted adapter in each tube. Adjust the flow of the stoppers. Immediately fill a Gardner color tube or 1 cm
nitrogen through the side arm of the adapter at a rapid rate f
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1981 − 11 D1981 − 11 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring Color After Heating of Tall Oil Fatty Acids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1981; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the Gardner color of tall oil fatty acids after heating in an atmosphere of
nitrogen at 205°C for one or two hours, depending on whether its iodine value is over or under 15, respectively. The specimen may
be heated using either an aluminum heating block or an oil bath. This method is applicable to all tall oil fatty acids. Applicability
of this method to other types of fatty acids has not been determined.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)
D6166 Test Method for Color of Pine Chemicals and Related Products (Instrumental Determination of Gardner Color)
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The color of a tall oil fatty acid is readily affected by heat and oxidization. Variations in degree of heat, time of heat, and
exposure to atmosphere during heating have a marked effect on the color obtained; therefore, conformity to the equipment and
procedure outlined in this test method is essential to accuracy and precision.
4. Heating Apparatus—Method A, Aluminum Block
4.1 Forced Draft Oven, maintained at 205 6 2°C.
4.2 Aluminum Heating Block (see Fig. 1). Wrap the outer surface with an appropriate insulating material.
5. Heating Apparatus—Method B, Oil Bath
5.1 Oil Bath—A 5-L steel beaker equipped with a mechanical stirrer and containing any light-colored alkali-refined oil such as
hydrogenated cottonseed oil.
5.2 Heat Source—An electric immersion heater with suitable thermostatic control may be used. The heater shall be of sufficient
capacity so that when placing several tubes in the bath, the bath temperature does not drop by more than 5°C below the minimum
bath temperature and the recovery time to reach 205°C does not exceed 5 min.
5.3 Test Tube Holder (see Fig. 2).
6. Materials
6.1 Thermometer Measuring Device—A thermometer conforming to the requirements of Specification E1 or an electronic
temperature measuring device, such as a resistance thermometer or thermocouple. The device must exhibit the same temperature
response as the thermometers specified in Specification E1.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.34 on Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2015. Published June 2011December 2015. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 as
D1981 – 02 (2006).D1981 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/D1981-11.10.1520/D1981-11R15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1981 − 11 (2015)
FIG. 1 Eight Hole Aluminum Heating Block
1
6.2 Tubes, 25 mm (1 in.) in diameter, 240 mm (9 ⁄2 in.) in length with ground-glass joints (see Fig. 3) and adapter.
6.3 Timer, capable of registering up to 135 min.
6.4 Nitrogen, a source of nitrogen capable of being regulated to a pressure of 7 to 14 kPa (1 to 2 psi).
6.5 Bubble Counter for Nitrogen—As a liquid, use a portion of tall oil fatty acid, instead of water or mercury.
6.6 Gardner Color Tubes or 1 cm Cuvet—See Test Methods D1544 or D6166.
7. Procedure—Method A, Aluminum Block
7.1 Insert the thermometer into the
...