ASTM D92-05a

Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The flash point is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that should be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.  
Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications.
Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material. For example, an abnormally low flash point on a test specimen of engine oil can indicate gasoline contamination.
This test method shall be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and a test flame under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
The fire point is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to support combustion.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the flash point and fire point of petroleum products by a manual Cleveland open cup apparatus or an automated Cleveland open cup apparatus.
Note 1—The precisions for fire point were not determined in the current interlaboratory program. Fire point is a parameter that is not commonly specified, although in some cases, knowledge of this flammability temperature may be desired.
1.2 This test method is applicable to all petroleum products with flash points above 79C (175F) and below 400C (752F) except fuel oils.
Note 2—This test method may occasionally be specified for the determination of the fire point of a fuel oil. For the determination of the flash points of fuel oils, use Test Method D 93. Test Method D 93 should also be used when it is desired to determine the possible presence of small, but significant, concentrations of lower flash point substances that may escape detection by Test Method D 92. Test Method D 1310 can be employed if the flash point is known to be below 79C (175F).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 11.1.3, and 11.2.4.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2005
• ICS: 13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.08 - Volatility

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D92-05 - Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D3666-16 - Standard Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D6074-15(2022) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D1310-14(2021) - Standard Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of Liquids by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D4378-22 - Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam, Gas, and Combined Cycle Turbines
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D117-22 - Standard Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Referred By: ASTM E102/E102M-93(2021) - Standard Test Method for Saybolt Furol Viscosity of Bituminous Materials at High Temperatures
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Referred By: ASTM F2161-21 - Standard Guide for Instrument and Precision Bearing Lubricants—Part 1 Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D8051/D8051M-16(2023) - Standard Specification for Wax-Modified Asphalt Used in Roofing
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D4730-13(2020) - Standard Specification for Flooding Compounds for Telecommunications Wire and Cable
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D6114/D6114M-19 - Standard Specification for Asphalt-Rubber Binder
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D5282-05(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Material with Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D450/D450M-07(2018) - Standard Specification for Coal-Tar Pitch Used in Roofing, Dampproofing, and Waterproofing
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Referred By: ASTM E502-21a - Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D8239-23 - Standard Specification for Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder Using the Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) Test
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
American Association State
Designation:D92–05a Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T48
DIN 51 376
Designation: 36/84 (89)
Standard Test Method for
1
Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD92;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This flash point and fire point test method is a dynamic method and depends on definite rates of
temperature increases to control the precision of the test method. Its primary use is for viscous
materials having flash point of 79°C (175°F) and above. It is also used to determine fire point, which
is a temperature above the flash point, at which the test specimen will support combustion for a
minimum of 5 s. Do not confuse this test method with Test Method D4206, which is a sustained
burning test, open cup type, at a specific temperature of 49°C (120°F).
Flash point values are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and
the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can therefore only be defined in terms of a standard
test method, and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different
test methods, or with test apparatus different from that specified.
1. Scope* 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
1.1 Thistestmethoddescribesthedeterminationoftheflash
only.
point and fire point of petroleum products by a manual
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Cleveland open cup apparatus or an automated Cleveland open
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
cup apparatus.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 1—The precisions for fire point were not determined in the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
current interlaboratory program. Fire point is a parameter that is not
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
commonly specified, although in some cases, knowledge of this flamma-
warning statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 11.1.3, and 11.2.4.
bility temperature may be desired.
1.2 This test method is applicable to all petroleum products
2. Referenced Documents
with flash points above 79°C (175°F) and below 400°C 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(752°F) except fuel oils.
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Closed Cup Tester
NOTE 2—This test method may occasionally be specified for the
determination of the fire point of a fuel oil. For the determination of the D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
flash points of fuel oils, use Test Method D93. Test Method D93 should
D1310 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of
alsobeusedwhenitisdesiredtodeterminethepossiblepresenceofsmall,
Liquids by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
but significant, concentrations of lower flash point substances that may
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
escape detection by Test Method D92. Test Method D1310 can be
Petroleum Products
employed if the flash point is known to be below 79°C (175°F).
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
D4206 Test Method for Sustained Burning of Liquid Mix-
1
This test method is under the joint jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
tures Using the Small Scale Open-Cup Apparatus
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.08 on Volatility. In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the
Standardization Committee. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP
2
standard in 1965.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D92–05. DOI:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D0092-05A.
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D92–05a
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers 5. Significance and Use
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
5.1 Theflashpointisonemeasureofthetendencyofthetest
3
2.2 Energy Institute Standard:
specimen to form a flammable mixture wit
...