ASTM D6341-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of the Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Plastic Lumber and Plastic Lumber Shapes Between –30 and 140°F (–34.4 and 60°C)
Standard Test Method for Determination of the Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Plastic Lumber and Plastic Lumber Shapes Between –30 and 140°F (–34.4 and 60°C)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The coefficient of linear thermal expansion, α, between temperatures T1 and T2 for a specimen whose length is L0 at the reference temperature, is given by the following equation:
Where L1 and L2 are the specimen lengths at temperatures T1 and T2, respectively. α is, therefore, obtained by dividing the linear expansion per unit length by the change in temperature.
5.2 The nature of most plastics and the construction applications for which plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes are used, make –30 to 140°F (–34.4 to 60°C) a practical temperature range for linear thermal expansion measurements. Where testing outside of this temperature range or when linear thermal expansion characteristics of a particular plastic are not known through this temperature range, particular attention shall be paid to the factors mentioned in 1.2 and it is possible that special preliminary investigations by thermo-mechanical analysis, such as what is prescribed in Practice D4065 for the location of transition temperatures, will be required, in order to avoid excessive error. If such a transition point is located, a separate coefficient of expansion for a temperature range below and above the transition point shall be determined. For specification and comparison purposes (provided it is known that no transition exists in this range), the range from –30 to 140°F (–34.4 to 60°C) shall be used. (For reference, glass transition and melting point temperatures of typical resins used in plastic lumber products are given in Appendix X2 of this test method.)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion for plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes to two significant figures. The determination is made by taking measurements with a caliper at three discrete temperatures. At the test temperatures and under the stresses imposed, the plastic lumber shall have a negligible creep or elastic strain rate, or both, insofar as these properties would significantly affect the accuracy of the measurements.
1.1.1 This test method details the determination of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion of plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes in their “as manufactured” form. As such, this is a test method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as a product and not a material property test method.
1.2 The thermal expansion of plastic lumber and shapes is composed of a reversible component on which it is possible to superimpose changes in length due to changes in moisture content, curing, loss of plasticizer or solvents, release of stresses, phase changes, voids, inclusions, and other factors. This test method is intended to determine the coefficient of linear thermal expansion under the exclusion of non-linear factors as far as possible. In general, it will not be possible to exclude the effect of these factors completely. For this reason, the test method can be expected to give a reasonable approximation but not necessarily precise determination of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion.
1.3 Plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes are currently made predominately with recycled plastics where the product is non-homogeneous in the cross-section. However, it is possible that this test method will also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins or other plastic composite materials.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
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Designation: D6341 − 14
StandardTest Method for
Determination of the Linear Coefficient of Thermal
Expansion of Plastic Lumber and Plastic Lumber Shapes
1
Between –30 and 140°F (–34.4 and 60°C)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6341; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coef-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ficient of linear thermal expansion for plastic lumber and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
plastic lumber shapes to two significant figures. The determi-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
nation is made by taking measurements with a caliper at three
discrete temperatures. At the test temperatures and under the
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
stresses imposed, the plastic lumber shall have a negligible
creep or elastic strain rate, or both, insofar as these properties 2. Referenced Documents
would significantly affect the accuracy of the measurements. 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.1 Thistestmethoddetailsthedeterminationofthelinear
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
coefficient of thermal expansion of plastic lumber and plastic
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
lumber shapes in their “as manufactured” form.As such, this is
D4065 Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Proper-
a test method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or
ties: Determination and Report of Procedures
shapes as a product and not a material property test method.
D5033 GuideforDevelopmentofASTMStandardsRelating
1.2 The thermal expansion of plastic lumber and shapes is to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics (Withdrawn
3
composed of a reversible component on which it is possible to 2007)
superimpose changes in length due to changes in moisture E831 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
content, curing, loss of plasticizer or solvents, release of Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis
stresses, phase changes, voids, inclusions, and other factors.
This test method is intended to determine the coefficient of 3. Terminology
linear thermal expansion under the exclusion of non-linear
3.1 Definitions:
factors as far as possible. In general, it will not be possible to
3.1.1 plastic lumber, n—a manufactured product made pri-
exclude the effect of these factors completely. For this reason,
marily from plastic materials (filled or unfilled), typically used
the test method can be expected to give a reasonable approxi-
as a building material for purposes similar to those of tradi-
mation but not necessarily precise determination of the linear
tional lumber, which is usually rectangular in cross-section.
coefficient of thermal expansion.
(Terminology D883)
1.3 Plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes are currently 3.1.1.1 Discussion—Plastic lumber is typically supplied in
made predominately with recycled plastics where the product sizes similar to those of traditional lumber board, timber and
is non-homogeneous in the cross-section. However, it is dimension lumber; however the tolerances for plastic lumber
possible that this test method will also be applicable to similar and for traditional lumber are not necessarily the same.
manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins or other (Terminology D883)
plastic composite materials.
3.1.2 plastic lumber shape, n—a plastic lumber product
which is generally not rectangular in cross-section.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
information only.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.20 on Plastic Lumber. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 15, 2014. Published April 2014. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6341 - 13. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D6341-14. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6341 − 13 D6341 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Linear Coefficient of Thermal
Expansion of Plastic Lumber and Plastic Lumber Shapes
1
Between –30 and 140°F (–34.4 and 60°C)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6341; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion for plastic lumber and plastic lumber
shapes to two significant figures. The determination is made by taking measurements with a caliper at three discrete temperatures.
At the test temperatures and under the stresses imposed, the plastic lumber shall have a negligible creep or elastic strain rate, or
both, insofar as these properties would significantly affect the accuracy of the measurements.
1.1.1 This test method details the determination of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion of plastic lumber and plastic
lumber shapes in their “as manufactured” form. As such, this is a test method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or
shapes as a product and not a material property test method.
1.2 The thermal expansion of plastic lumber and shapes is composed of a reversible component on which it is possible to
superimpose changes in length due to changes in moisture content, curing, loss of plasticizer or solvents, release of stresses, phase
changes, voids, inclusions, and other factors. This test method is intended to determine the coefficient of linear thermal expansion
under the exclusion of non-linear factors as far as possible. In general, it will not be possible to exclude the effect of these factors
completely. For this reason, the test method can be expected to give a reasonable approximation but not necessarily precise
determination of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion.
1.3 Plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes are currently made predominately with recycled plastics where the product is
non-homogeneous in the cross-section. However, it is possible that this test method will also be applicable to similar manufactured
plastic products made from virgin resins or other plastic composite materials.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D4065 Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of Procedures
3
D5033 Guide for Development of ASTM Standards Relating to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics (Withdrawn 2007)
E831 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.20 on Plastic Lumber.
Current edition approved June 1, 2013April 15, 2014. Published June 2013April 2014. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20102013 as
D6341 - 10.D6341 - 13. DOI: 10.1520/D6341-13.10.1520/D6341-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6341 − 14
3.1.1 plastic lumber, n—a manufactured product made primarily from plastic materials (filled or unfilled), typically used as a
building material for purposes similar to those of traditional lumber, which is usually re
...
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