ASTM C311-11a

Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are used to develop data for comparison with the requirements of Specification C618. These test methods are based on standardized testing in the laboratory and are not intended to simulate job conditions.  
Strength Activity Index—The test for strength activity index is used to determine whether fly ash or natural pozzolan results in an acceptable level of strength development when used with hydraulic cement in concrete. Since the test is performed with mortar, the results may not provide a direct correlation of how the fly ash or natural pozzolan will contribute to strength in concrete.  
Chemical Tests— The chemical component determinations and the limits placed on each do not predict the performance of a fly ash or natural pozzolan with hydraulic cement in concrete, but collectively help describe composition and uniformity of the material.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing fly ash and raw or calcined pozzolans for use in portland-cement concrete.  
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
  Sections Sampling7  CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Reagents and apparatus10 Moisture content11 and 12 Loss on ignition13 and 14 Silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sulfur trioxide, sodium oxide
and potassium oxide15 Available alkali16 and 17 Ammonia18  PHYSICAL TESTS Density19 Fineness20 Increase of drying shrinkage of mortar bars21-23 Soundness24 Air-entrainment of mortar25 and 26 Strength activity index with portland cement27-30 Water requirement31 Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in
Controlling Alkali-Silica Reactions32 Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in
Contributing to Sulfate Resistance34
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Jun-2011
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.24 - Supplementary Cementitious Materials

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C311-11 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2011
• Replaced By: ASTM C311-11b - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2278-13(2019) - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine Reclamation: Revegetation and Mitigation of Acid Mine Drainage
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E3183-19 - Standard Guide for Harvesting Coal Combustion Products Stored in Active and Inactive Storage Areas for Beneficial Use
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2060-22 - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2277-14(2019) - Standard Guide for Design and Construction of Coal Ash Structural Fills
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2243-13(2019) - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine Reclamation: Re-contouring and Highwall Reclamation
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C311–11a
Standard Test Methods for
Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use
1
in Portland-Cement Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C311; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* notes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as
requirements of this standard.
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and
testing fly ash and raw or calcined pozzolans for use in
2. Referenced Documents
portland-cement concrete.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
Sections
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
Sampling 7
CHEMICALANALYSIS
Specimens)
Reagents and apparatus 10
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
Moisture content 11 and 12
Cement
Loss on ignition 13 and 14
Silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, calcium oxide,
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
magnesium oxide, sulfur trioxide, sodium oxide
C151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic
and potassium oxide 15
Cement
Available alkali 16 and 17
Ammonia 18
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened
PHYSICAL TESTS
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
Density 19
C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
Fineness 20
Increase of drying shrinkage of mortar bars 21-23
Mortar
Soundness 24
C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
Air-entrainment of mortar 25 and 26
C204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by
Strength activity index with portland cement 27-30
Water requirement 31
Air-Permeability Apparatus
Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in
C226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in
Controlling Alkali-Silica Reactions 32
the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement
Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in
Contributing to Sulfate Resistance 34
C227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of
Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)
C430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
45-µm (No. 325) Sieve
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
C441 Test Method for Effectiveness of Pozzolans or
information purposes only.
Ground Blast-Furnace Slag in Preventing Excessive Ex-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pansion of Concrete Due to the Alkali-Silica Reaction
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C604 Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Materials by Gas-Comparison Pycnometer
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
that provide explanatory information. These notes and foot-
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C778 Specification for Sand
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and are the direct responsibility of Subcommit-
2
tee C09.24 on Supplementary Cementitious Materials.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 15, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C311–11 DOI:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C0311-11a.
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C311–11a
C1012 Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic- shall be natural silica sand conforming to the requirements for
Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution graded standard sand in Specification C778.
C1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
NOTE 1—Segregation of Graded Sand—The graded standard sand
D1426 Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water
should be handled in such a manner as to prevent segregation, since
D4326 Test Method for Major and Minor
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C311–11 Designation:C311–11a
Standard Test Methods for
Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use
1
in Portland-Cement Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C311; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing fly ash and raw or calcined pozzolans for use in
portland-cement concrete.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
Sections
Sampling 7
CHEMICALANALYSIS
Reagents and apparatus 10
Moisture content 11 and 12
Loss on ignition 13 and 14
Silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sulfur trioxide, sodium oxide
and potassium oxide 15
Available alkali 16 and 17
Ammonia 18
PHYSICAL TESTS
Density 19
Fineness 20
Increase of drying shrinkage of mortar bars 21-23
Soundness 24
Air-entrainment of mortar 25 and 26
Strength activity index with portland cement 27-30
Water requirement 31
Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in
Controlling Alkali-Silica Reactions 32
Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in
Contributing to Sulfate Resistance 34
1.3 ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareprovidedforinformation
purposes only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.24
on Supplementary Cementitious Materials.
Current edition approvedApril 1,June 15, 2011. PublishedAprilJuly 2011. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 20072011 as C311–07.C311–11
DOI: 10.1520/C0311-11a.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C311–11a
C151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
C204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability Apparatus
C226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement
C227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)
C430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-m (No. 325) Sieve
C441 TestMethodforEffectivenessofPozzolansorGroundBlast-FurnaceSlaginPreventingExcessiveExpansionofConcrete
Due to the Alkali-Silica Reaction
C604 Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Gas-Comparison Pycnometer
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C778 Specification for Sand
C1012 Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution C1157Performance
Specification for Hy-
draulic Cement
C1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Morta
...