ASTM F436M-09

Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers [Metric]

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use with fasteners having nominal thread diameters of M12 through M100. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. The types of washers covered here are: Type 1—washers made of carbon steel; and Type 3—washers made of weathering steel. Moreover, the styles of washers covered here are: circular washers, which are suitable for applications where sufficient space exists and angularity permits; beveled washers, which are square and rectangular with a beveled 1:6 surface for use with American Standard beams and channels; and clipped washers, which are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be clipped. Steels to be used to manufacture the washers shall be produced by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process. Each type and style of washer shall be suitably sampled, and should conform to specified values of chemical composition, Rockwell hardness, inside and outside diameter, thickness, and clipped width.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for metric hardened steel washers for use with fasteners having nominal thread diameters M12 through M100. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. These washers are suitable for use with fasteners covered in Specifications A 325M, A 490M, A 563M and with fasteners of Specification F 568 property classes 8.8 and higher.  
1.2 The types of washers covered in this specification are:  
1.2.1 Type 1—Washers made of carbon steel.  
1.2.2 Type 3—Washers made of steel having atmospheric corrosion resistance and weathering characteristics comparable to that of steels covered in Specifications A 242/A 242M, A 588/A 588M, and A 709/A 709M. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of these steels is substantially better than that of carbon steel with or without copper addition. See 5.1. When properly exposed to the atmosphere, these steels can be used bare (uncoated) for many applications.  
1.3 The styles of washers covered in this specification are:  
1.3.1 Circular Washers—Circular washers in nominal sizes 12 mm through 100 mm, are suitable for applications where sufficient space exists and angularity permits.  
1.3.2 Beveled Washers—Beveled washers are square and rectangular, in nominal sizes 12 mm through 36 mm, with a beveled 1:6 surface for use with American Standard beams and channels.  
1.3.3 Clipped Washers—Clipped washers are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be clipped.  
1.4 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F 1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1—This specification is the metric counterpart of Specification F 436.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2008
• ICS: 21.060.30 - Washers, locking elements
• Technical Committee: F16 - Fasteners
• Drafting Committee: F16.02 - Steel Bolts, Studs and Nuts

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F436M-04 - Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers [Metric]
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2009
• Replaced By: ASTM F436M-10 - Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers [Metric]
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: F436M – 09
Standard Specification for
1
Hardened Steel Washers (Metric)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F436M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
NOTE 1—This specification is the metric counterpart of Specification
1. Scope*
F436.
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
dimensional requirements for metric hardened steel washers
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
for use with fasteners having nominal thread diameters M12
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
throughM100.Thesewashersareintendedforgeneral-purpose
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
internally and externally threaded fasteners. These washers are
suitable for use with fasteners covered in Specifications
2. Referenced Documents
A325M, A490M, A563M and with fasteners of Specification
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F568M property classes 8.8 and higher.
A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on
1.2 The types of washers covered in this specification are:
Iron and Steel Hardware
1.2.1 Type 1—Washers made of carbon steel.
A242/A242M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy
1.2.2 Type 3—Washers made of steel having atmospheric
Structural Steel
corrosion resistance and weathering characteristics comparable
A325M Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat
to that of steels covered in Specifications A242/A242M,
Treated 830 MPa Minimum Tensile Strength (Metric)
A588/A588M, and A709/A709M. The atmospheric corrosion
A490M SpecificationforHigh-StrengthSteelBolts,Classes
resistance of these steels is substantially better than that of
10.9 and 10.9.3, for Structural Steel Joints (Metric)
carbon steel with or without copper addition. See 5.1. When
A563M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
properly exposed to the atmosphere, these steels can be used
(Metric)
bare (uncoated) for many applications.
A588/A588M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy
1.3 The styles of washers covered in this specification are:
Structural Steel, up to 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield
1.3.1 Circular Washers—Circular washers in nominal sizes
Point, with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
12 mm through 100 mm, are suitable for applications where
A709/A709M Specification for Structural Steel for Bridges
sufficient space exists and angularity permits.
A751 Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology for Chemi-
1.3.2 Beveled Washers—Beveled washers are square and
cal Analysis of Steel Products
rectangular, in nominal sizes 12 mm through 36 mm, with a
B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-
beveled 1:6 surface for use withAmerican Standard beams and
posited on Iron and Steel
channels.
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
1.3.3 Clipped Washers—Clipped washers are circular or
F436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one
F568M Specification for Carbon andAlloy Steel Externally
side be clipped.
Threaded Metric Fasteners (Metric)
1.4 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-
F606M Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical
nology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
Properties of Externally and InternallyThreaded Fasteners,
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Washers, and Rivets (Metric)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
F1136M Specification for Zinc/Aluminum Corrosion Pro-
standard.
tective Coatings for Fasteners (Metric)
F1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,
2
Nuts, Rivets and Washers. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published January 2009. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F436M – 04. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F0436M-09. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F436M–04 Designation: F 436M – 09
Standard Specification for
1
Hardened Steel Washers [Metric](Metric)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 436M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for metric hardened steel washers for use
with fasteners having nominal thread diameters M12 through M100. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical
and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. These washers are suitable for use
with fasteners covered in SpecificationsA 325M,A 490M,A 563M and with fasteners of Specification F 568 property classes 8.8
and higher.
1.2 The types of washers covered in this specification are:
1.2.1 Type 1—Washers made of carbon steel.
1.2.2 Type3—Washersmadeofsteelhavingatmosphericcorrosionresistanceandweatheringcharacteristicscomparabletothat
of steels covered in Specifications A 242/A 242M, A 588/A 588M, and A 709/A 709M. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of
these steels is substantially better than that of carbon steel with or without copper addition. See 5.1. When properly exposed to
the atmosphere, these steels can be used bare (uncoated) for many applications.
1.3 The styles of washers covered in this specification are:
1.3.1 Circular Washers—Circular washers in nominal sizes 12 mm through 100 mm, are suitable for applications where
sufficient space exists and angularity permits.
1.3.2 Beveled Washers—Beveled washers are square and rectangular, in nominal sizes 12 mm through 36 mm, with a beveled
1:6 surface for use with American Standard beams and channels.
1.3.3 Clipped Washers—Clipped washers are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be
clipped. Note1—This specification is the metric counterpart of Specification F436.
1.4 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F 1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
NOTE 1—This specification is the metric counterpart of Specification F 436.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 153/A 153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware
A 242/A 242M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel
A 325M Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated 830 MPa Minimum Tensile Strength [Metric](Metric)
A 490M Specification for High-Strength Steel Bolts, Classes 10.9 and 10.9.3, for Structural Steel Joints [Metric](Metric)
A 563M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts [Metric](Metric)
A 588/A 588M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel with 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point to
4-in. [100-mm] Thick Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel, up to 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield
Point, with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
A 709/A 709M Specification for Carbon and High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Shapes, Plates, and Bars and
Quenched-and-Tempered Alloy Structural Steel Plates for Bridges Specification for Structural Steel for Bridges
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts,
Rivets,Rivets and Washers.
Current edition approved Aug.Jan. 1, 2004.2009. Published August 2004.January 2009. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20032004 as
F 436M – 034.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For AnnualBookofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, W
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F436M–04 Designation: F 436M – 09
Standard Specification for
1
Hardened Steel Washers (Metric)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 436M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for metric hardened steel washers for use
with fasteners having nominal thread diameters M12 through M100. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical
and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. These washers are suitable for use
with fasteners covered in SpecificationsA 325M,A 490M,A 563M and with fasteners of Specification F 568 property classes 8.8
and higher.
1.2 The types of washers covered in this specification are:
1.2.1 Type 1—Washers made of carbon steel.
1.2.2 Type3—Washersmadeofsteelhavingatmosphericcorrosionresistanceandweatheringcharacteristicscomparabletothat
of steels covered in Specifications A 242/A 242M, A 588/A 588M, and A 709/A 709M. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of
these steels is substantially better than that of carbon steel with or without copper addition. See 5.1. When properly exposed to
the atmosphere, these steels can be used bare (uncoated) for many applications.
1.3 The styles of washers covered in this specification are:
1.3.1 Circular Washers—Circular washers in nominal sizes 12 mm through 100 mm, are suitable for applications where
sufficient space exists and angularity permits.
1.3.2 Beveled Washers—Beveled washers are square and rectangular, in nominal sizes 12 mm through 36 mm, with a beveled
1:6 surface for use with American Standard beams and channels.
1.3.3 Clipped Washers—Clipped washers are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be
clipped. Note1—This specification is the metric counterpart of Specification F436.
1.4 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F 1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
NOTE 1—This specification is the metric counterpart of Specification F 436.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 153/A 153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware
A 242/A 242M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel
A 325M Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated 830 MPa Minimum Tensile Strength [Metric]
A 490M Specification for High-Strength Steel Bolts, Classes 10.9 and 10.9.3, for Structural Steel Joints [Metric](Metric)
A 563M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts [Metric](Metric)
A 588/A 588M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel with 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point to
4-in. [100-mm] Thick Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel, up to 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield
Point, with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
A 709/A 709M Specification for Carbon and High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Shapes, Plates, and Bars and
Quenched-and-Tempered Alloy Structural Steel Plates for Bridges Specification for Structural Steel for Bridges
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivets
and Washers.
Current edition approved Aug.Jan. 1, 2004.2009. Published August 2004.January 2009. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20032004 as
F 436M – 034.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For AnnualBookofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19
...