ASTM F2204/F2204M-16
(Guide)Standard Guide for Describing Shoreline and Inland Response Techniques
Standard Guide for Describing Shoreline and Inland Response Techniques
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Once the extent and type of oiling has been defined and documented using proper procedures (see Guides F1686 and F1687), decisions are made on the appropriate course of action for site cleaning and restoration. In some cases, natural recovery (accompanied by monitoring) can be the preferred approach whereas in other cases, active response may be preferred and appropriate. This guide summarizes the principal response techniques available for shoreline, wetland, and terrain habitats.
4.2 This guide is intended to minimize the potential for added impact to the environment from use of response techniques in an overly-aggressive manner or in unsuitable conditions or habitats.
4.3 In Section 5, typical considerations, which can limit the applicability of a given technique are addressed in Constraints. An example that is applicable to all techniques other the natural recovery, is special permission will likely be needed for any response operations at sites with known culturally or historically important resources. Also, in Section 5, a synopsis of main trade-offs from use of a particular technique is provided in Environmental Effects.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes methods to clean and remediate stranded oil on marine and lake shorelines, on river banks and other inland water body shorelines, and terrestrial habitats. The primary goal of any countermeasure is to aid recovery while minimizing additional impact.
1.2 This guide describes 22 different tactics that are available for consideration. These options range from natural recovery to active physical or biochemical intervention.
1.3 The tactics listed might not be appropriate under all possible circumstances, and multiple countermeasures could be appropriate on the same shoreline, river bank, lake shore or terrestrial habitat.
1.4 This guide describes technical considerations for selecting appropriate response countermeasures or techniques.
1.5 Selection of specific countermeasures for use during a spill response is guided by properties of the oil, degree of oiling, site accessibility, geomorphology, substrate and vegetation type, mobility of available equipment, hydrologic (coastal and inland) and meteorological conditions, and the presence of sensitive natural and archeological resources. It is advisable to consult with appropriate regulatory authorities since certain response options may require government authorization or approval, or both.
1.6 This guide does not address response to submerged, sunken or buried oil.
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F2204/F2204M − 16
Standard Guide for
1
Describing Shoreline and Inland Response Techniques
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF2204/F2204M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This guide describes methods to clean and remediate
stranded oil on marine and lake shorelines, on river banks and
2. Referenced Documents
other inland water body shorelines, and terrestrial habitats.The
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
primary goal of any countermeasure is to aid recovery while
F1686 Guide for Surveys to Document and Assess Oiling
minimizing additional impact.
Conditions
1.2 This guide describes 22 different tactics that are avail-
F1687 Guide for Terminology and Indices to Describe Oil-
able for consideration. These options range from natural
ing Conditions on Shorelines
recovery to active physical or biochemical intervention.
F1872 Guide for Use of Chemical Shoreline Cleaning
1.3 The tactics listed might not be appropriate under all
Agents: Environmental and Operational Considerations
possiblecircumstances,andmultiplecountermeasurescouldbe F2205 Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of
appropriate on the same shoreline, river bank, lake shore or
Chemical Dispersants in Oil Spill Response: Tropical
terrestrial habitat. Environments
F2532 Guide for Determining Net Environmental Benefit of
1.4 This guide describes technical considerations for select-
Dispersant Use
ing appropriate response countermeasures or techniques.
1.5 Selection of specific countermeasures for use during a
3. Key Terms
spill response is guided by properties of the oil, degree of
3.1 Shoreline and Inland Habitats—For the purpose of this
oiling, site accessibility, geomorphology, substrate and vegeta-
guide, marine and estuarine shorelines, river banks, and lake
tion type, mobility of available equipment, hydrologic (coastal
shores will be collectively referred to as shorelines, shores, or
and inland) and meteorological conditions, and the presence of
shore-zones. Shore types include a range of impermeable
sensitive natural and archeological resources. It is advisable to
(bedrock, ice, and man-made structures), permeable (flats,
consult with appropriate regulatory authorities since certain
beaches, and man-made), and coastal wetland (marshes,
response options may require government authorization or
mangroves,) habitats. Other non-shoreline, inland habitats
approval, or both.
include wetlands (pond, fen, bog, swamp, tundra, and shrub)
1.6 This guide does not address response to submerged,
and drier terrains (grassland, desert, forests), and will be
sunken or buried oil.
collectively referred to as either wetlands or terrains, respec-
tively.
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.2 Mixed Sediment Substrates—These are described based
each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each
on the size of the inorganic sediments (Guide F1687). The
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
penetration and retention of oil is largely controlled by sedi-
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
ment size. Only light oils (for example, a diesel) can penetrate
with the standard. sand, whereas all but the more viscous oils can easily penetrate
into pebbles and cobbles (“coarse sediment”). Substrates com-
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
posed of mixed sands, pebbles, and cobbles are sometimes
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
referred to as “gravel.” The surface layer often has predomi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
nantly coarse sediments with increasing amounts of sand in the
subsurface. In mixed-sediment substrates, coarser fractions
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
F20.17 on Shoreline Countermeasures. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2016. Published March 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2204 – 09. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F2204-16. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2204 − 09 F2204/F2204M − 16
Standard Guide for
1
Describing Shoreline and Inland Response Techniques
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2204;F2204/F2204M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide describes methods of cleaning and remediating shorelines containing stranded oil. to clean and remediate
stranded oil on marine and lake shorelines, on river banks and other inland water body shorelines, and terrestrial habitats. The
primary goal of any shoreline countermeasure is to aid recovery while minimizing additional impact.
1.2 This guide describes 22 different tactics that are available for consideration. These options range from natural recovery to
active physical or biochemical intervention.
1.3 The tactics listed maymight not be appropriate under all possible circumstances, and multiple countermeasures maycould
be appropriate on the same shoreline.shoreline, river bank, lake shore or terrestrial habitat.
1.4 This guide describes technical considerations for selecting one technique or another, or both. appropriate response
countermeasures or techniques.
1.5 Selection of specific countermeasures for use during a spill response areis guided by the properties of the stranded oil, the
degree of oiling, shorelinesite accessibility, shoreline geomorphology, geomorphology, substrate and vegetation type, mobility of
available equipment, oceanographic and hydrologic (coastal and inland) and meteorological conditions, and the presence of
sensitive natural and archeological resources. It is advisable to consult with the appropriate regulatory authorities assince certain
response options may require government authorization and approval.or approval, or both.
1.6 This guide does not address response to submerged, sunken or buried oil.
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values given in
parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1686 Guide for Surveys to Document and Assess Oiling Conditions
F1687 Guide for Terminology and Indices to Describe Oiling Conditions on Shorelines
F1872 Guide for Use of Chemical Shoreline Cleaning Agents: Environmental and Operational Considerations
F2205 Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Chemical Dispersants in Oil Spill Response: Tropical Environments
F2532 Guide for Determining Net Environmental Benefit of Dispersant Use
3. Key Terms
3.1 Shoreline and Inland Habitats—For the purpose of this guide, marine and estuarine shorelines, river banks, and lake shores
will be collectively referred to as shorelines, shores, or shore-zones. Shore types include a range of impermeable (bedrock, ice,
and man-made structures), permeable (flats, beaches, and man-made), and coastal wetland (marshes, mangroves,) habitats. Other
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F20.17
on Shoreline Countermeasures.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009Jan. 15, 2016. Published October 2009March 2016. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20022009 as
F2204 – 02.F2204 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/F2204-09.10.1520/F2204-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F2204/F2204M − 16
non-shorelin
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