ASTM E186-10
(Specification)Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4½-in. (50.8 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4<span class='unicode'>½</span>-in. (50.8 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Graded reference radiographs are intended to provide a guide enabling recognition of specific casting discontinuity types and relative severity levels that may be encountered during typical fabrication processes. Reference radiographs containing ungraded discontinuities are provided as a guide for recognition of a specific casting discontinuity type where severity levels may not be needed. These reference radiographs are intended as a basis from which manufacturers and purchasers may, by mutual agreement, select particular discontinuity classes to serve as standards representing minimum levels of acceptability (see Sections 6 and 7).
Reference radiographs represented by this standard may be used, as agreed upon in a purchaser supplier agreement, for energy levels, thicknesses or both outside the range of this standard when determined applicable for the casting service application. Severity levels of similar discontinuity categories and energy level range of E446 or E280 reference radiographs may alternatively be used, as determined appropriate for the casting service application, if so agreed upon in a purchaser supplier agreement (see Section 1 and 5.1).
Procedures for evaluation of production radiographs using applicable reference radiographs of this standard are prescribed in Section 8; however, there may be manufacturing-purchaser issues involving specific casting service applications where it may be appropriate to modify or alter such requirements. Where such modifications may be appropriate for the casting application, all such changes shall be specifically called-out in the purchaser supplier agreement or contractual document. Section 9 addresses purchaser supplier requisites where weld repairs to castings may be required.
SCOPE
1.1 These reference radiographs illustrate various categories, types and severity levels of discontinuities occurring in steel castings that have section thicknesses of 2 to less than 4½ in. (50.8 to 114 mm). The reference radiograph films are an adjunct to this document and must be purchased separately from ASTM International, if needed (see 2.2). Categories and severity levels for each discontinuity type represented by these reference radiographs are described in 1.2.1. Note that the basis of application for these reference radiographs requires a prior purchaser/supplier agreement of radiographic examination attributes and classification criterion as described in Sections 4, 6, and 7 of this standard. Reference radiographs for other steel casting thicknesses may be found in Reference Radiograph standards E446 and E280. Reference Radiograph standards E446 and E280 provide some overlap of severity levels for similar discontinuity categories within the same energy level range (see 4.2, 5.1, and 6.3)
1.2 These reference radiographs consist of three separate volumes as follows:
1.2.1 Volume I: 1–MV X Rays and Iridium 192 (called “1 to 2–Mev X rays” in previous editions)-Set of 28 plates (nominal 5 by 8 in. (127 by 203 mm) in a 15 by 17 in. (381 by 432 mm) ring binder).
1.2.2 Volume II: 2–MV X Rays and Cobalt-60 (called “gamma rays” in previous editions). This includes cobalt-60 or equivalent isotope radiation and from 2–MV up to 4–MV X rays- Set of 28 plates (nominal 5 by 8 in.) in a 15 by 17 in. ring binder.
1.2.3 Volume III: 4–MV to 30–MV X rays (called “10 to 24 Mev X rays” in previous editions)- Set of 28 plates (nominal 5 by 8 in.) in a 15 by 17 in. ring binder.
1.2.4 Unless otherwise specified in a purchaser supplier agreement (see 1.1), each volume is for comparison only with production radiographs produced with radiation energy levels within the thickness range covered by this standard. Each volume consists of three categories of graded discontinuities in increasing severity levels, and three categories of ungraded discontinuities. Reference radiographs containing ungraded discontinuities are provided as a guide for recognition of a specific...
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Designation: E186 −10
StandardReference Radiographs for
1
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Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ⁄2-in. (50.8 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E186; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope production radiographs produced with radiation energy levels
2 within the thickness range covered by this standard. Each
1.1 These reference radiographs illustrate various
volume consists of three categories of graded discontinuities in
categories, types and severity levels of discontinuities occur-
increasing severity levels, and three categories of ungraded
ring in steel castings that have section thicknesses of 2 to less
discontinuities. Reference radiographs containing ungraded
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than 4 ⁄2 in. (50.8 to 114 mm). The reference radiograph films
discontinuities are provided as a guide for recognition of a
are an adjunct to this document and must be purchased
specific casting discontinuity type where severity levels are not
separately from ASTM International, if needed (see 2.2).
needed. Following is a list of discontinuity categories, types
Categories and severity levels for each discontinuity type
and severity levels for the adjunct reference radiographs of this
represented by these reference radiographs are described in
standard:
1.2.1. Note that the basis of application for these reference
1.2.4.1 Category A—Gas porosity; severity levels 1 through
radiographs requires a prior purchaser/supplier agreement of
5.
radiographic examination attributes and classification criterion
1.2.4.2 Category B—Sand and slag inclusions; severity
as described in Sections 4, 6, and 7 of this standard. Reference
levels 1 through 5.
radiographs for other steel casting thicknesses may be found in
1.2.4.3 Category C—Shrinkage; three types:
Reference Radiograph standards E446 and E280. Reference
(1) Ca—linear shrinkage—severity levels 1 through 5.
Radiograph standards E446 and E280 provide some overlap of
(Called Type 1 in previous revisions)
severity levels for similar discontinuity categories within the
(2) Cb—feathery shrinkage—Severity levels 1 through 5.
same energy level range (see 4.2, 5.1, and 6.3)
(Called Type 2 in previous revisions)
1.2 These reference radiographs consist of three separate
(3) Cc—sponge shrinkage—Severity levels 1 through 5.
volumes as follows:
(Called Type 3 in previous revisions)
1.2.1 VolumeI:1–MVXRaysandIridium192(called“1to
1.2.4.4 Category D—Crack; one illustration (D3 in pre-
2–Mev X rays” in previous editions)-Set of 28 plates (nominal
1972 documents).
5 by 8 in. (127 by 203 mm) in a 15 by 17 in. (381 by 432 mm)
1.2.4.5 Category E—Hot tear; one illustration in pre-1972
ring binder).
documents.
1.2.2 Volume II: 2–MV X Rays and Cobalt-60 (called
1.2.4.6 Category F—Insert; one illustration (EB3 in pre-
“gamma rays” in previous editions).This includes cobalt-60 or
1972 documents).
equivalent isotope radiation and from 2–MV up to 4–MV X
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
rays- Set of 28 plates (nominal 5 by 8 in.) in a 15 by 17 in. ring
as the standard. SI values are shown for information only.
binder.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2.3 Volume III: 4–MV to 30–MV X rays (called “10 to 24
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Mev X rays” in previous editions)- Set of 28 plates (nominal 5
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
by 8 in.) in a 15 by 17 in. ring binder.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.2.4 Unless otherwise specified in a purchaser supplier
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
agreement (see 1.1), each volume is for comparison only with
2. Referenced Documents
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1
These reference radiographs are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee 2.1 ASTM Standards:
E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittees
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
E07.02 on Reference Radiological Images and E07.93 on Illustration Monitoring.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published February 2010. Originally
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approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E186 - 98(2004) . For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
DOI: 10.1520/E0186-10. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
ForASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Reference Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Radiograp
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
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Designation:E186–98 (Reapproved 2004) Designation: E186 – 10
Standard Reference Radiographs for
1
Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ⁄2-in. [51 to 114-mm]) Steel Castings-in.
1
(50.8 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E186; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—Editorial changes made throughout in January 2004.
1. Scope
1.1These reference radiographsScope
2
1
1.1 These reference radiographs for heavy-walled steel castings are applicable to nominal section thicknesses of 2 to 4 ⁄2 in.
[51 to 114 mm] and consists of three separate sets as follows:
1.1.1Volume 1: 1–MV X Rays and Iridium 192 (called “1 to 2–Mev X rays” in previous editions)-Set of 28 plates (5 by 8 in.
[127 by 203 mm] in a 15 by 17 in. [381 by 432 mm] ring binder).
1.1.2Volume 2: 2–MV X Rays and Cobalt-60 (called “gamma rays” in previous editions). This includes cobalt-60 or equivalent
isotope radiation and from 2–MV up to 4–MV X rays- Set of 28 plates (5 by 8 in.) in a 15 by 17 in. ring binder.
1.1.3Volume 3: 4–MV to 30–MV X rays (called “10 to 24 Mev X rays” in previous editions)- Set of 28 plates (5 by 8 in.) in
a 15 by 17 in. ring binder.
1.1.4Each set consists of three categories of graded discontinuities in increasing severity levels, and three categories of ungraded
discontinuities furnished as examples only, as follows:
1.1.4.1illustrate various categories, types and severity levels of discontinuities occurring in steel castings that have section
1
thicknesses of 2 to less than 4 ⁄2 in. (50.8 to 114 mm). The reference radiograph films are an adjunct to this document and must
be purchased separately from ASTM International, if needed (see 2.2). Categories and severity levels for each discontinuity type
represented by these reference radiographs are described in 1.2.1. Note that the basis of application for these reference
radiographs requires a prior purchaser/supplier agreement of radiographic examination attributes and classification criterion as
described in Sections 4, 6, and 7 of this standard. Reference radiographs for other steel casting thicknesses may be found in
Reference Radiograph standards E446 and E280. Reference Radiograph standards E446 and E280 provide some overlap of
severity levels for similar discontinuity categories within the same energy level range (see 4.2, 5.1, and 6.3)
1.2 These reference radiographs consist of three separate volumes as follows:
1.2.1 Volume I: 1–MV X Rays and Iridium 192 (called “1 to 2–Mev X rays” in previous editions)-Set of 28 plates (nominal
5 by 8 in. (127 by 203 mm) in a 15 by 17 in. (381 by 432 mm) ring binder).
1.2.2 VolumeII:2–MVXRaysandCobalt-60(called“gammarays”inpreviouseditions).Thisincludescobalt-60orequivalent
isotope radiation and from 2–MV up to 4–MV X rays- Set of 28 plates (nominal 5 by 8 in.) in a 15 by 17 in. ring binder.
1.2.3 Volume III: 4–MV to 30–MV X rays (called “10 to 24 Mev X rays” in previous editions)- Set of 28 plates (nominal 5
by 8 in.) in a 15 by 17 in. ring binder.
1.2.4 Unless otherwise specified in a purchaser supplier agreement (see 1.1), each volume is for comparison only with
production radiographs produced with radiation energy levels within the thickness range covered by this standard. Each volume
consists of three categories of graded discontinuities in increasing severity levels, and three categories of ungraded discontinuities.
Reference radiographs containing ungraded discontinuities are provided as a guide for recognition of a specific casting
discontinuity type where severity levels are not needed. Following is a list of discontinuity categories, types and severity levels
for the adjunct reference radiographs of this standard:
1.2.4.1 Category A—Gas porosity; severity levels 1 through 5.
1.1.4.2
1
These reference radiographs are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittees E07.02 on
Reference Radiographs.
Current edition approved January 1, 2004. Published February 2004. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E186-98. DOI:
10.1520/E0186-98R04E01.on Reference Radiological Images and E07.93 on Illustration Monitoring.
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Current edit
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