ASTM C125-00a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
SCOPE
1.1 The following definitions apply to hydraulic cement concrete, although some of them may have wider application.
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Designation: C 125 – 00a
Standard Terminology Relating to
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope used as an ingredient of a cementitious mixture to modify its
freshly mixed, setting, or hardened properties and that is
1.1 The following definitions apply to hydraulic cement
added to the batch before or during its mixing.
concrete, although some of them may have wider application.
accelerating admixture, n—admixture that accelerates the
2. Referenced Documents setting and early strength development of concrete. (C 494/
494M)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
air-entraining admixture, n—admixture that causes the de-
C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
velopment of a system of microscopic air bubbles in
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2–in. or 50–mm Cube
concrete or mortar during mixing.
Specimens)
chemical admixture, n—a nonpozzolanic admixture in the
C 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Ce-
form of a liquid, suspension, or water-soluble solid.
ment Concrete
mineral admixture, n—deprecated term.
C 403/C 403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
DISCUSSION—This term has been used to refer to different types of
C 494/ 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
water insoluble, finely divided materials such as pozzolanic materials,
Concrete cementitious materials, and aggregate. These materials are not similar,
and it is not useful to group them under a single term. The name of the
C 939 Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced-
4 specific material should be used, for example, use “pozzolan,” “ground
Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method)
granulated blast-furnace slag,” or “finely divided aggregate,” as is
C 1074 Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by the
appropriate.
Maturity Method
retarding admixture, n—admixture that retards the setting of
3. Terminology
concrete. (C 494/ 494M)
water-reducing admixture, n—admixture that either in-
absorption, n—the process by which a liquid is drawn into and
creases the slump of freshly mixed mortar or concrete
tends to fill permeable pores in a porous solid body; also, the
without increasing the water content or that maintains the
increase in mass of a porous solid body resulting from the
slump with a reduced amount of water due to factors other
penetration of a liquid into its permeable pores.
than air entrainment.
DISCUSSION—In the case of concrete and concrete aggregates, unless
aggregate, n—granular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed
otherwise stated, the liquid involved is water, the increase in mass is
stone, or iron blast-furnace slag, used with a cementing
that which does not include water adhering to the outside surface, the
medium to form hydraulic-cement concrete or mortar.
increase in mass is expressed as a percentage of the dry mass of the
coarse aggregate, n—(1) aggregate predominantly retained
body and the body is considered to be “dry” when it has been treated
on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve; or (2) that portion of an
by an appropriate process to remove uncombined water, such as drying
to constant mass at a temperature between 100 and 110°C. aggregate retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve.
admixture, n—a material other than water, aggregates, hy- DISCUSSION—The definitions are alternatives to be applied under
differing circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregate
draulic cementitious material, and fiber reinforcement that is
either in a natural condition or after processing. Definition (2) is applied
to a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and grading
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
should be stated in the specification.
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.91 on Editorial and Terminology.
fine aggregate, n—(1) aggregate passing the ⁄8-in. (9.5-mm)
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2000. Published October 2000. Originally
sieve and almost entirely passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve
published as C 125 – 36 T. Last previous edition C 125 – 00.
and predominantly retained on the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve; or
C 219, Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement contains definitions of a
number of items in use in standards under the jurisdiction of Committee C-9. (2) that portion of an aggregate passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4)
Definitions of additional terms may be found in Cement and Concrete Terminology,
sieve and retained on the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve.
116R American Concrete Institute, P.O. Box 19150, Detroit, MI 48219.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
DISCUSSION—The definitions are alternatives to be applied under
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 125
differing circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregate
hydrates and is capable of doing so under water.
either in a natural condition or after processing. Definition (2) is applied
cementitious mixture, n—a mixture (mortar, concrete, or
to a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and grading
grout) containing hydraulic cement.
should be stated in the specifications.
concrete, n—a composite material that consists essentially of
heavyweight aggregate, n—aggregate of high density; such a binding medium within which are embedded particles or
as barite, magnetite, limonite, ilmenite, iron, or steel. fragments of aggregate; in hydraulic-cement concrete, the
lightweight aggregate, n—aggregate of low density used to binder is formed from a mixture of hydraulic cement and
produce lightweight concrete, including: pumice, scoria, water.
volcanic cinders, tuff, and diatomite; expanded or sintered consistency, n—of fresh concrete, mortar, or grout, the relative
clay, shale, slate, diatomaceous shale, perlite, vermiculite, or mobility or ability to flow.
slag; and end products of coal or coke combustion.
DISCUSSION—This characteristic of fresh cementitious mixtures is
air-cooled blast-furnace slag, n—the material resulting from
difficult to quantify and empirical test methods have been adopted to
solidification of molten blast-furnace slag under atmospheric
provide indicators of consistency. For example, the slump test de-
conditions; subsequent cooling may be accelerated by appli- scribed in Test Method C 143/C 143M is used for concrete, the flow
table method described in Test Method C 109/C 109M is used for
cation of water to the solidified surface.
mortar, and the flow cone method described in Test Method C 939 is
air content, n—the volume of air voids in cement paste,
used for grout.
mortar, or concrete, exclusive of pore space in aggregate
particles, usually expressed as a percentage of total volume
crushed gravel, n—the product resulting from the artificial
of the paste, mortar, or concrete.
crushing of gravel with substantially all fragments having at
air void, n—a space in cement paste, mortar, or concrete filled
least one face resulting from fracture.
with air; an entrapped air void is characteristically 1 mm or
crushed stone, n—the product resulting from the artificial
more in width and irregular in shape; an entrained air void is
crushing of rocks, boulders, or large cobblestones, substan-
typically between 10 and 1000 μm in diameter and spherical
tially all faces of which have resulted from the crushing
or nearly so.
operation.
curing, n—action taken to maintain moisture and temperature
DISCUSSION—The content of the voids may include atmospheric air
conditions in a freshly-placed cementitious mixture to allow
incorporated into the concrete during mixing of air or other gases
hydraulic cement hydration and (if applicable) pozzolanic
released by chemical or other processes within the fresh concrete.
reactions to occur so that the potential properties of the
blast-furnace slag, n—the nonmetallic product, consisting
mixture may develop (see ACI 308).
essentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and
curing compound, n—a liquid that, when applied as a coating
other bases, that is developed in a molten condition simul-
to the surface of newly-placed concrete, forms a membrane
taneously with iron in a blast furnace.
that retards the evaporation of water and, in the case of white
bleeding, n—the autogenous flow of mixing water within, or
pigmented compounds, reflects heat (see also curing).
its emergence from, newly placed concrete or mortar caused
D-cracking, n—in concrete, a series of cracks near to and
by the settlement of the solid materials within the mass, also
roughly parallel to features such as joints, edges, and
called water gain.
structural cracks.
bulk density, n—of aggregate, the mass of a unit volume of
density, n—mass per unit volume (preferred over deprecated
bulk aggregate material (the unit volume includes the
term unit weight).
volume of the individual particles and the volume of the
elongated piece (of aggregate), n—a particle of aggregate for
voids between the particles).
which the ratio of the length to width of its circumscribing
DISCUSSION—This term replaces the deprecated term unit weight—of
rectangular prism is greater than a specified value (see also
aggregate.
flat piece (of aggregate)).
entrained air—see air void.
bulk specific gravity, n—the ratio of the mass of a volume of
entrapped air—see air void.
a material (including the permeable and impermeable voids
expanded blast-furnace slag, n—the lightweight cellular
in the material, but excluding the voids between particles of
material obtained by co
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