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ASTM D3948-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer

Standard Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a rapid portable means for field and laboratory use to rate the ability of aviation turbine fuels to release entrained or emulsified water when passed through fiberglass coalescing material.
1.2 The procedure section of this test method contains two different modes of test equipment operation. The primary difference between the modes of operation is the rate of fuel flow through the fiberglass coalescing material. Test method selection is dependent on the particular fuel to be tested.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2004
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.J0 - Aviation Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3948-99a - Standard Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D3948-05 - Standard Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
Effective Date
01-Dec-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4306-20 - Standard Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8073-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuel by Small Scale Water Separation Instrument
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8194-18e1 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Suitability of 37 mm Filter Monitors and 47 mm Filters Used to Determine Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Turbine Fuels
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8147-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Special-Purpose Test Fuels for Aviation Compression-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7223-21 - Standard Specification for Aviation Certification Turbine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7566-22a - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6615-22 - Standard Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4865-19 - Standard Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D1655-23 - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7261-22 - Standard Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Diesel Fuels by Portable Separometer
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7224-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Kerosine-Type Aviation Turbine Fuels Containing Additives by Portable Separometer
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D1094-07(2019) - Standard Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4054-23 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of New Aviation Turbine Fuels and Fuel Additives
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004

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ASTM D3948-04 - Standard Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable SeparometerASTM D3948-04 - Standard Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
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ASTM D3948-04 - Standard Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 3948 – 04
Standard Test Method for
Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation
1
Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3948; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* MIL-T-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation Grades JP-4, JP-5, and
JP-5/JP-8 ST
1.1 This test method covers a rapid portable means for field
MIL-T-38219 Turbine Fuel, Low Volatility, JP-7
andlaboratoryusetoratetheabilityofaviationturbinefuelsto
MIL-T-83133 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Types,
release entrained or emulsified water when passed through
NATO F 34 (JP-8), NATO F-35, and JP-8+100
fiberglass coalescing material.
1.2 The procedure section of this test method contains two
3. Terminology
different modes of test equipment operation. The primary
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
difference between the modes of operation is the rate of fuel
3.1.1 Micro-Separometer rating (MSEP)—a numerical
flow through the fiberglass coalescing material. Test method
value indicating the ease of separating emulsified water from
selection is dependent on the particular fuel to be tested.
fuel by coalescence as affected by the presence of surface
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
active materials (surfactants).
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.1.1 Discussion—MSEP ratings obtained using Test A
only.
andTestBaretermedMSEP-AandMSEP-B,respectively.The
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
MSEP rating is comparable to the Water Separometer Index,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Modified (WSIM) and the Minisonic Separometer Surfactants
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(MSS) of Test Method D 2550 and field Test Method D 3602,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
respectively.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.1.2 Discussion—The results of precision programs with
2. Referenced Documents the Micro-Separometer and its correlation with other rating
2
methods (Test Methods D 2550 and D 3602) are discussed in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5
Appendix X3.
D 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
3.1.2 reference fluids—fuels that have been, as a minimum,
D 2550 MethodofTestforWaterSeparationCharacteristics
3 clay treated and, as required, subjected to a water wash process
of Aviation Turbine Fuels
and passed through a filter separator; and to which prescribed
D 3602 TestMethodforWaterSeparationCharacteristicsof
3 quantities of a known surface active agent (typically bis-2-
Aviation Turbine Fuels
ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate in toluene) have been added.
D 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
4. Summary of Test Method
4
2.2 Military Standards:
4.1 A water/fuel sample emulsion is created in a syringe
using a high-speed mixer. The emulsion is then expelled from
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on the syringe at a programmed rate through a standard fiber-glass
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
coalescer and the effluent is analyzed for uncoalesced water by
D02.J0 on Aviation Fuels.
a light transmission measurement. The results are reported on
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2004.PublishedJuly2004.Originallyapproved
a 0-to-100 scale to the nearest whole number. High ratings
in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 3948–99a.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn.
4 5
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. be obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D02–1050.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3948–04
TABLE 1 Applicable Test Mode for Various Fuels
6. Apparatus
Available Test Mode(s) 6,7
6.1 AMicro-Separometer is used to perform the test. The
Fuel Applicable Test Mode
unit i
...

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5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
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1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
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1.3 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”  
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5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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5.1 The hydrogen content represents a fundamental quality of a petroleum product that has been correlated with many of the performance characteristics of that product.  
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5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.  
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5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
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1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
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1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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    English language
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