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ASTM D4628-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc In Unused Lubricating Oils By Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc In Unused Lubricating Oils By Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable for the determination of mass percent barium from 0.005 to 1.0 %, calcium and magnesium from 0.002 to 0.3 %, and zinc from 0.002 to 0.2 % in lubricating oils.
1.2 Higher concentrations can be determined by appropriate dilution. Lower concentrations of metals such as barium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc at about 10 ppm level can also be determined by this test method. Use of this test method for the determination at these lower concentrations should be by agreement between the buyer and the seller.
1.3 Lubricating oils that contain viscosity index improvers may give low results when calibrations are performed using standards that do not contain viscosity index improvers.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 3.1, 6.3, and 8.1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-2002
ICS
71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.03 - Elemental Analysis
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4628-97 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc In Unused Lubricating Oils By Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Replaced By
ASTM D4628-05 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc In Unused Lubricating Oils By Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6074-15(2022) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D6443-14(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Calcium, Chlorine, Copper, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils and Additives by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (Mathematical Correction Procedure)
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D4951-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D5185-18 - Standard Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8110-17 - Standard Test Method for Elemental Analysis of Distillate Products by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7740-20 - Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7876-13(2018) - Standard Practice for Practice for Sample Decomposition Using Microwave Heating (With or Without Prior Ashing) for Atomic Spectroscopic Elemental Determination in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7578-20 - Standard Guide for Calibration Requirements for Elemental Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7455-19 - Standard Practice for Sample Preparation of Petroleum and Lubricant Products for Elemental Analysis
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002

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ASTM D4628-02 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc In Unused Lubricating Oils By Atomic Absorption SpectrometryASTM D4628-02 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc In Unused Lubricating Oils By Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
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ASTM D4628-02 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc In Unused Lubricating Oils By Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D4628–02
Standard Test Method for
Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc in
Unused Lubricating Oils by Atomic Absorption
1
Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4628; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* containing potassium as an ionization suppressant, are added,
and the sample and oil are dissolved. (Warning—Hazardous.
1.1 This test method is applicable for the determination of
Potentially toxic and explosive.) Standards are similarly pre-
mass percent barium from 0.005 to 1.0 %, calcium and
pared, always adding oil if necessary to yield a total mass of
magnesium from 0.002 to 0.3 %, and zinc from 0.002 to 0.2 %
0.25 g. These solutions are burned in the flame of an atomic
in lubricating oils.
absorption spectrophotometer. An acetylene/nitrous oxide
1.2 Higher concentrations can be determined by appropriate
flame is used. (Warning—Combustible. Vapor harmful.)
dilution. Lower concentrations of metals such as barium,
calcium, magnesium, and zinc at about 10 ppm level can also
4. Significance and Use
be determined by this test method. Use of this test method for
4.1 Some oils are formulated with metal-containing addi-
the determination at these lower concentrations should be by
tives that act as detergents, antioxidants, antiwear agents, etc.
agreement between the buyer and the seller.
Some of these additives contain one or more of these metals:
1.3 Lubricating oils that contain viscosity index improvers
barium, calcium, zinc, and magnesium. This test method
may give low results when calibrations are performed using
provides a means of determining the concentration of these
standards that do not contain viscosity index improvers.
metals that gives an indication of the additive content in these
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
oils.
standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.2 Analytical Balance.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.3 AutomaticMeasuringPipetorVolumetricClassAPipet,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
50-mL capacity.
tionary statements are given in 3.1, 6.3, and 8.1.
5.4 Bottles with Screw Caps, 60 mL (2 oz).
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—Suitable volumetric flasks or plastic bottles may be substi-
2.1 ASTM Standards: tuted.
D 6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
5.5 Shaker, Mechanical Stirrer, or Ultrasonic Bath, capable
Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System
of handling 60-mL bottles.
2
Performance
6. Reagents
3. Summary of Test Method
6.1 Base Oil, metal-free, with a viscosity of about 4 cSt at
3.1 A sample is weighed and base oil is added to 0.25 6
100°C. A100 neutral oil which provides good solvency for
0.01-g total mass. Fifty millilitres of a kerosine solution,
standards and additive concentrate is satisfactory. Highly
paraffinic oils should be avoided.
6.2 2-EthylHexanoicAcid,whichhasbeendeterminedtobe
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
free of interfering metals.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published February 2003. Originally
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 4628–97.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4628–02
FIG. 1 Plot Graphs for Barium and Calcium
NOTE 5—In addition to the calibration standards identified in 6.4,
6.3 Kerosine, Metal-Free—See Notes 2-4. (Warning—
single-elementormultielementcalibrationstandardsmayalsobeprepared
Combustible.Vapor harmful.) Distillation range from 170°C to
from materials similar to the samples being analyzed, provided the
280°C at 100 kPa (1 atm). When the kerosine solvent is
calibration standards to be used have previously been characterized by
contaminated,itmaybepurifiedmetal-freebyrunningthrough
independent, primary (for example, gravimetric or volumetric), and
attapulgus clay.
analytical techniques to establish the
...

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Standard Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

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5.1 Some oils are formulated with metal-containing additives that act as detergents, antioxidants, antiwear agents, etc. Some of these additives contain one or more of these metals: barium, calcium, zinc, and magnesium. This test method provides a means of determining the concentration of these metals that gives an indication of the additive content in these oils.  
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1.2 Higher concentrations can be determined by appropriate dilution. Lower concentrations of metals such as barium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc at about 10 ppm level can also be determined by this test method. Use of this test method for the determination at these lower concentrations should be by agreement between the buyer and the seller.  
1.3 Lubricating oils that contain viscosity index improvers may give low results when calibrations are performed using standards that do not contain viscosity index improvers.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 4.1, 7.3, and 9.1.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the water content is important in the manufacturing, purchase, sale, or transfer of petroleum products to help in predicting their quality and performance characteristics.  
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1.1 This test method covers the direct determination of entrained water in petroleum products and hydrocarbons using automated instrumentation. This test method also covers the indirect analysis of water thermally removed from samples and swept with dry inert gas into the Karl Fischer titration cell. Mercaptan, sulfide (S– or H2S), sulfur, and other compounds are known to interfere with this test method (see Section 6). The precision statement of this method covers the nominal range of 20 mg/kg to 25 000 mg/kg for Procedure A, 30 mg/kg to 2100 mg/kg for Procedure B, and 20 mg/kg to 360 mg/kg for Procedure C.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with commercially available coulometric Karl Fischer reagents and for the determination of water in additives, lube oils, base oils, automatic transmission fluids, hydrocarbon solvents, and other petroleum products. By proper choice of the sample size, this test method may be used for the determination of water from mg/kg to percent level concentrations.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7740-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Accurate elemental analysis of petroleum products and lubricants is necessary for the determination of chemical properties, which are used to establish compliance with commercial and regulatory specifications.  
5.2 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) is one of the most widely used analytical techniques in the oil industry for elemental analysis. There are at least twelve Standard Test Methods published by ASTM D02 Committee on Petroleum Products and Lubricants for such analysis. See Table 1.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers information on the calibration and operational guidance for elemental measurements using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).  
1.1.1 AAS Related Standards—Test Methods D1318, D3237, D3340, D3605, D3831, D4628, D5056, D5184, D5863, D6732; Practices D7260 and D7455; and Test Methods D7622 and D7623.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method covers the rapid determination of 22 elements in used and unused lubricating oils and base oils, and it provides rapid screening of used oils for indications of wear. Test times approximate a few minutes per test specimen, and detectability for most elements is in the low mg/kg range. In addition, this test method covers a wide variety of metals in virgin and re-refined base oils. Twenty-two elements can be determined rapidly, with test times approximating several minutes per test specimen.  
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5.2.1 The significance of metal analysis in used lubricating oils is tabulated in Table 4.  
5.3 The concentrations of metals in re-refined base oils can be indicative of the efficiency of the re-refining process. This test method can be used to determine if the base oil meets specifications with respect to metal content.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of additive elements, wear metals, and contaminants in used and unused lubricating oils and base oils by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The specific elements are listed in Table 1. (A) These wavelengths are only suggested and do not represent all possible choices.  
1.2 This test method covers the determination of selected elements, listed in Table 1, in re-refined and virgin base oils.  
1.3 For analysis of any element using wavelengths below 190 nm, a vacuum or inert-gas optical path is required. The determination of sodium and potassium is not possible on some instruments having a limited spectral range.  
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Standard Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some oils are formulated with metal-containing additives that act as detergents, antioxidants, antiwear agents, etc. Some of these additives contain one or more of these metals: barium, calcium, zinc, and magnesium. This test method provides a means of determining the concentration of these metals that gives an indication of the additive content in these oils.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable for the determination of mass percent barium from 0.005 % to 1.0 %, calcium and magnesium from 0.002 % to 0.3 %, and zinc from 0.002 % to 0.2 % in lubricating oils.  
1.2 Higher concentrations can be determined by appropriate dilution. Lower concentrations of metals such as barium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc at about 10 ppm level can also be determined by this test method. Use of this test method for the determination at these lower concentrations should be by agreement between the buyer and the seller.  
1.3 Lubricating oils that contain viscosity index improvers may give low results when calibrations are performed using standards that do not contain viscosity index improvers.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 4.1, 7.3, and 9.1.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6304-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the water content is important in the manufacturing, purchase, sale, or transfer of petroleum products to help in predicting their quality and performance characteristics.  
5.2 The presence of moisture could lead to premature corrosion and wear, an increase in the debris load resulting in diminished lubrication and premature plugging of filters, an impedance in the effect of additives, and undesirable support of deleterious bacterial growth.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the direct determination of entrained water in petroleum products and hydrocarbons using automated instrumentation. This test method also covers the indirect analysis of water thermally removed from samples and swept with dry inert gas into the Karl Fischer titration cell. Mercaptan, sulfide (S– or H2S), sulfur, and other compounds are known to interfere with this test method (see Section 6). The precision statement of this method covers the nominal range of 20 mg/kg to 25 000 mg/kg for Procedure A, 30 mg/kg to 2100 mg/kg for Procedure B, and 20 mg/kg to 360 mg/kg for Procedure C.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with commercially available coulometric Karl Fischer reagents and for the determination of water in additives, lube oils, base oils, automatic transmission fluids, hydrocarbon solvents, and other petroleum products. By proper choice of the sample size, this test method may be used for the determination of water from mg/kg to percent level concentrations.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7740-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Accurate elemental analysis of petroleum products and lubricants is necessary for the determination of chemical properties, which are used to establish compliance with commercial and regulatory specifications.  
5.2 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) is one of the most widely used analytical techniques in the oil industry for elemental analysis. There are at least twelve Standard Test Methods published by ASTM D02 Committee on Petroleum Products and Lubricants for such analysis. See Table 1.  
5.3 The advantage of using an AAS analysis include good sensitivity for most metals, relative freedom from interferences, and ability to calibrate the instrument based on elemental standards irrespective of their elemental chemical forms. Thus, the technique has been a method of choice in most of the oil industry laboratories. In many laboratories, AAS has been superseded by a superior ICP-AES technique (see Practice D7260).  
5.4 Some of the ASTM AAS Standard Test Methods have also been issued by other standard writing bodies as technically equivalent standards. See Table 2. (A) Excerpted from ASTM MNL44, Guide to ASTM Test Methods for the Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants, 2nd edition, Ed., Nadkarni, R. A. Kishore, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2007.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers information on the calibration and operational guidance for elemental measurements using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).  
1.1.1 AAS Related Standards—Test Methods D1318, D3237, D3340, D3605, D3831, D4628, D5056, D5184, D5863, D6732; Practices D7260 and D7455; and Test Methods D7622 and D7623.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5185-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method covers the rapid determination of 22 elements in used and unused lubricating oils and base oils, and it provides rapid screening of used oils for indications of wear. Test times approximate a few minutes per test specimen, and detectability for most elements is in the low mg/kg range. In addition, this test method covers a wide variety of metals in virgin and re-refined base oils. Twenty-two elements can be determined rapidly, with test times approximating several minutes per test specimen.  
5.2 When the predominant source of additive elements in used lubricating oils is the additive package, significant differences between the concentrations of the additive elements and their respective specifications can indicate that the incorrect oil is being used. The concentrations of wear metals can be indicative of abnormal wear if there are baseline concentration data for comparison. A marked increase in boron, sodium, or potassium levels can be indicative of contamination as a result of coolant leakage in the equipment. This test method can be used to monitor equipment condition and define when corrective actions are needed.  
5.2.1 The significance of metal analysis in used lubricating oils is tabulated in Table 4.  
5.3 The concentrations of metals in re-refined base oils can be indicative of the efficiency of the re-refining process. This test method can be used to determine if the base oil meets specifications with respect to metal content.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of additive elements, wear metals, and contaminants in used and unused lubricating oils and base oils by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The specific elements are listed in Table 1. (A) These wavelengths are only suggested and do not represent all possible choices.  
1.2 This test method covers the determination of selected elements, listed in Table 1, in re-refined and virgin base oils.  
1.3 For analysis of any element using wavelengths below 190 nm, a vacuum or inert-gas optical path is required. The determination of sodium and potassium is not possible on some instruments having a limited spectral range.  
1.4 This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration and does not purport to quantitatively determine insoluble particulates. Analytical results are particle size dependent, and low results are obtained for particles larger than a few micrometers.2  
1.5 Elements present at concentrations above the upper limit of the calibration curves can be determined with additional, appropriate dilutions and with no degradation of precision.  
1.6 For elements other than calcium, sulfur, and zinc, the low limits listed in Table 2 and Table 3 were estimated to be ten times the repeatability standard deviation. For calcium, sulfur, and zinc, the low limits represent the lowest concentrations tested in the interlaboratory study. (A) where: X = mean concentration, μg/g.  (A) where: X = mean concentration, μg/g.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 6.1, 8.2, and 8.4.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F1210-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Lakes and Large Water Bodies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide is meant to aid response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events.  
3.2 This guide should be adapted to site specific circumstance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. The guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response.  
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. Chemical dispersants should be given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures.  
1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. The dispersibility of the oil with the chosen dispersant should be evaluated.  
1.4 The guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts).  
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters.  
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.  
1.7 This guide does not address getting regulatory approval.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    3 pages
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  • Guide
    3 pages
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ASTM
ASTM C596-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
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  • Standard
    4 pages
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