ASTM E1354-02a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides for measuring the response of materials exposed to controlled levels of radiant heating with or without an external ignitor.
1.2 This test method is used to determine the ignitability, heat release rates, mass loss rates, effective heat of combustion, and visible smoke development of materials and products.
1.3 The rate of heat release is determined by measurement of the oxygen consumption as determined by the oxygen concentration and the flow rate in the exhaust product stream. The effective heat of combustion is determined from a concomitant measurement of specimen mass loss rate, in combination with the heat release rate. Smoke development is measured by obscuration of light by the combustion product stream.
1.4 Specimens shall be exposed to heating fluxes in the range of 0 to 100 kW/m2. External ignition, when used, shall be by electric spark. The value of the heating flux and the use of external ignition are to be as specified in the relevant material or performance standard (see X1.2). The normal specimen testing orientation is horizontal, independent of whether the end-use application involves a horizontal or a vertical orientation. The apparatus also contains provisions for vertical orientation testing; this is used for exploratory or diagnostic studies only.
1.5 Ignitability is determined as a measurement of time from initial exposure to time of sustained flaming.
1.6 This test method has been developed for use for material and product evaluations, mathematical modeling, design purposes, or development and research. Examples of material specimens include portions of an end-use product or the various components used in the end-use product.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
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An American National Standard
Designation: E 1354 – 02a
Standard Test Method for
Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and
1
Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
actual fire conditions.
1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides for measuring
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the response of materials exposed to controlled levels of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
radiant heating with or without an external ignitor.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 This test method is used to determine the ignitability,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
heat release rates, mass loss rates, effective heat of combustion,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
and visible smoke development of materials and products.
statements, see Section 7.
1.3 The rate of heat release is determined by measurement
of the oxygen consumption as determined by the oxygen
2. Referenced Documents
concentration and the flow rate in the exhaust product stream.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
The effective heat of combustion is determined from a con-
D 3286 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and
comitant measurement of specimen mass loss rate, in combi-
2
Coke by the Isoperibol Bomb Calorimeter
nation with the heat release rate. Smoke development is
3
E 176 Terminology of Fire Standards
measured by obscuration of light by the combustion product
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
stream.
4
ASTM Test Methods
1.4 Specimens shall be exposed to heating fluxes in the
2
E 662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke
range of 0 to 100 kW/m . External ignition, when used, shall
3
Generated by Solid Materials
be by electric spark. The value of the heating flux and the use
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
of external ignition are to be as specified in the relevant
4
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
material or performance standard (see X1.2). The normal
E 906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release
specimen testing orientation is horizontal, independent of
3
Rates for Materials and Products
whether the end-use application involves a horizontal or a
2.2 ISO Standards:
vertical orientation. The apparatus also contains provisions for
ISO 5657-1986(E) Fire Tests—reaction to fire—ignitability
vertical orientation testing; this is used for exploratory or
5
of building materials
diagnostic studies only.
ISO 5725 Precision of test methods—determination of re-
1.5 Ignitability is determined as a measurement of time
peatability and reproducibility for a standard test method
from initial exposure to time of sustained flaming.
5
by inter-laboratory tests
1.6 This test method has been developed for use for material
and product evaluations, mathematical modeling, design pur-
3. Terminology
poses, or development and research. Examples of material
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
specimens include portions of an end-use product or the
method, refer to Terminology E 176.
various components used in the end-use product.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2.1 effective heat of combustion, n—the measured heat
standard.
release divided by the mass loss for a specified time period.
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the
3.2.2 heating flux, n—the incident flux imposed externally
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
from the heater on the specimen at the initiation of the test.
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The specimen, once ignited, is also
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.06.
3
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
4
Combustion Products. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
5
Current edition approved August 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Origi- Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
nally published as E 1354 – 90. Last previous edition E 1354 – 02. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
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