ASTM E456-06e1

Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics

SCOPE
1.1 This standard is the general terminology standard for terms defined in the standards of Committee E11 on Quality and Statistics.
1.2 A term in this standard which lists an attribution to an E11 technical standard indicates that the standard is normative for that term. Any changes in the term definition in the normative standard will be editorially changed in this standard. Any terms added to an E11 standard will be editorially added to this standard with an attribution to that standard.
1.3 Term definitions that are similar to ISO 3534 will be noted in this standard, but ISO 3534 will not be considered normative for any E11 terms.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2006
• ICS: 01.040.07 - Natural and applied sciences (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 07.020 - Mathematics
• Technical Committee: E11 - Quality and Statistics
• Drafting Committee: E11.70 - Editorial/Terminology

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E456-06 - Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Replaced By: ASTM E456-08 - Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D6671/D6671M-22 - Standard Test Method for Mixed Mode I-Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E1970-23 - Standard Practice for Statistical Treatment of Thermoanalytical Data
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D6792-23a - Standard Practice for Quality Management Systems in Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants Testing Laboratories
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E1458-12(2022) - Standard Test Method for Calibration Verification of Laser Diffraction Particle Sizing Instruments Using Photomask Reticles
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D8453/D8453M-22 - Standard Practice for Open-Hole Flexural Strength of Sandwich Constructions
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM C364/C364M-16 - Standard Test Method for Edgewise Compressive Strength of Sandwich Constructions
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E2475-10(2016) - Standard Guide for Process Understanding Related to Pharmaceutical Manufacture and Control
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D5961/D5961M-23 - Standard Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM B331-20 - Standard Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in Uniaxial Compaction
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D4699-03(2018)e1 - Standard Test Method for Vibratory Packing Density of Large Formed Catalyst and Catalyst Carrier Particles
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D7958/D7958M-17 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance for FRP Composite Bonded to Concrete Substrate using Beam Test
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D2885-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Comparison Technique
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D4226-19e1 - Standard Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Building Products
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
e1
Designation:E456–06
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Quality and Statistics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—E456 was updated editorially in February 2008.
1. Scope E2334 PracticeforSettinganUpperConfidenceBoundFor
a Fraction or Number of Non-Conforming items, or a Rate
1.1 This standard is the general terminology standard for
of Occurrence for Non-conformities, UsingAttribute Data,
terms defined in the standards of Committee E11 on Quality
When There is a Zero Response in the Sample
and Statistics.
E2489 Practice for StatisticalAnalysis of One-Sample and
1.2 A term in this standard which lists an attribution to an
Two-Sample Interlaboratory Proficiency Testing Programs
E11 technical standard indicates that the standard is normative
E2554 Practice for Estimating and Monitoring the Uncer-
for that term. Any changes in the term definition in the
tainty of Test Results of a Test Method in a Single
normativestandardwillbeeditoriallychangedinthisstandard.
Laboratory Using a Control Sample Program
Any terms added to an E11 standard will be editorially added
E2555 PracticeforFactorsandProceduresforApplyingthe
to this standard with an attribution to that standard.
MIL-STD-105 Plans in Life and Reliability Inspection
1.3 Term definitions that are similar to ISO3534 will be
E2586 Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics
noted in this standard, but ISO3534 will not be considered
E2587 Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical
normative for any E11 terms.
Process Control
2. Referenced Documents
2.2 ISO Standards:
2
ISO 3534 Statistics-Vocabulary and Symbols
2.1 ASTM E11 Standards with terms in this standard:
Part 1: Probability and General Statistical Terms
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Part 2: Applied Statistics
Determine Conformance with Specifications
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
3. Terminology
ASTM Test Methods
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations acceptance (control chart or acceptance control chart
E1169 Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests usage, ), n—a decision that the process is operating in a
E1325 Terminology Relating to Design of Experiments satisfactory manner with respect to the statistical measures
E1488 Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Develop- being plotted: action limits: control limits.
ing and Applying Test Methods acceptance quality limit AQL , n—quality limit that is the
E1994 Practice for Use of Process Oriented AOQL and worst tolerable process average when a continuing series of
LTPD Sampling Plans lots is submitted for acceptance sampling. E 2234
E2234 Practice for Sampling a Stream of Product by accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an
Attributes Indexed by AQL agreed-upon reference for comparison, and which is derived
E2281 Practice for Process and Measurement Capability as: (1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific
Indices principles, (2) an assigned or certified value, based on
E2282 GuideforDefiningtheTestResultofaTestMethod experimental work of some national or international organi-
zation, or (3) a consensus or certified value, based on
collaborative experimental work under the auspices of a
1
ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE11onQuality
scientific or engineering group. E 177
and Statistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.70 on Editorial/
accuracy, n—the closeness of agreement between a test result
Terminology.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally and an accepted reference value. E 177
e1
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E456–04 .
aliases, n—in a fractional factorial design,twoormoreeffects
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
which are estimated by the same contrast and which,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
e1
E456–06
therefore, cannot be estimated separately. E 1325 chance cause— source of inherent random variation in a
assignable cause, n—factor that contributes to variation in a process which is predictable
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
e1
An American National Standard
Designation:E456–06
Designation:E456–04
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Quality and Statistics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in February 2006.
—E456 was updated editorially in February 2008.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard is the general terminology standard for terms defined in the standards of Committee E11 on Quality and
Statistics.
1.2 A term in this standard which lists an attribution to an E11 technical standard indicates that the standard is normative for
that term. Any changes in the term definition in the normative standard will be editorially changed in this standard. Any terms
added to an E11 standard will be editorially added to this standard with an attribution to that standard.
1.3 Term definitions that are similar to ISO 3534 will be noted in this standard, but ISO 3534 will not be considered normative
for any E11 terms.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM E11 Standards with terms in this standard:
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E178Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
E1169Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
E1325Terminology Relating to Design of Experiments
E1402Terminology Relating to Sampling
E1488Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods
E1994Practice for Use of Process Oriented AOQL and LTPD Sampling Plans
E2234Practice for Sampling a Stream of Product by Attributes Indexed by AQL
E2281Practice for Process and Measurement Capability Indices
E2282Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method
E2334Practice for Setting an Upper Confidence Bound For a Fraction or Number of Non-Conforming items, or a Rate of
Occurrence for Non-conformities, Using Attribute Data, When There is a Zero Response in the Sample
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
E1169 Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
E1325 Terminology Relating to Design of Experiments
E1488 Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods
E1994 Practice for Use of Process Oriented AOQL and LTPD Sampling Plans
E2234 Practice for Sampling a Stream of Product by Attributes Indexed by AQL
E2281 Practice for Process and Measurement Capability Indices
E2282 Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method
E2334 Practice for Setting an Upper Confidence Bound For a Fraction or Number of Non-Conforming items, or a Rate of
Occurrence for Non-conformities, Using Attribute Data, When There is a Zero Response in the Sample
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E 11 on Quality and Statistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.70 on
Editorial/Terminology.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published December 2004. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E456–02.
e1
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E456–04 .
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
e1
E456–06
E456–04
E2489 Practice for Statistical Analysis of One-Sample and Two-Sample Interlaboratory Proficiency Testing Programs
E2554 Practice for Estimating and Monitoring the Uncertainty of Test Results of a Test Method in a Single Laboratory Using
a Control Sample Program
E2555 Practice for Factors and Procedures for Applying the MIL-STD-105 Plans in Life and Reliability Inspection
E2586 Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statist
...