ASTM E456-08
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is the general terminology standard for terms defined in the standards of Committee E11 on Quality and Statistics.
1.2 A term in this standard which lists an attribution to an E11 technical standard indicates that the standard is normative for that term. Any changes in the term definition in the normative standard will be editorially changed in this standard. Any terms added to an E11 standard will be editorially added to this standard with an attribution to that standard.
1.3 Term definitions that are similar to ISO 3534 will be noted in this standard, but ISO 3534 will not be considered normative for any E11 terms.
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An American National Standard
Designation:E456–08
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Quality and Statistics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope of Occurrence for Non-conformities, UsingAttribute Data,
When There is a Zero Response in the Sample
1.1 This standard is the general terminology standard for
E2489 Practice for StatisticalAnalysis of One-Sample and
terms defined in the standards of Committee E11 on Quality
Two-Sample Interlaboratory Proficiency Testing Programs
and Statistics.
E2554 Practice for Estimating and Monitoring the Uncer-
1.2 A term in this standard which lists an attribution to an
tainty of Test Results of a Test Method in a Single
E11 technical standard indicates that the standard is normative
Laboratory Using a Control Sample Program
for that term. Any changes in the term definition in the
E2555 PracticeforFactorsandProceduresforApplyingthe
normativestandardwillbeeditoriallychangedinthisstandard.
MIL-STD-105 Plans in Life and Reliability Inspection
Any terms added to an E11 standard will be editorially added
E2586 Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics
to this standard with an attribution to that standard.
E2587 Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical
1.3 Term definitions that are similar to ISO3534 will be
Process Control
noted in this standard, but ISO3534 will not be considered
2.2 ISO Standards:
normative for any E11 terms.
ISO 3534 Statistics-Vocabulary and Symbols
2. Referenced Documents
Part 1: Probability and General Statistical Terms
2
Part 2: Applied Statistics
2.1 ASTM E11 Standards with terms in this standard:
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
3. Terminology
Determine Conformance with Specifications
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in acceptance quality limit AQL , n—quality limit that is the
ASTM Test Methods worst tolerable process average when a continuing series of
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations lots is submitted for acceptance sampling. E 2234
E1169 Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an
E1325 Terminology Relating to Design of Experiments agreed-upon reference for comparison, and which is derived
E1488 Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Develop- as: (1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific
ing and Applying Test Methods principles, (2) an assigned or certified value, based on
E1994 Practice for Use of Process Oriented AOQL and experimental work of some national or international organi-
LTPD Sampling Plans zation, or (3) a consensus or certified value, based on
E2234 Practice for Sampling a Stream of Product by collaborative experimental work under the auspices of a
Attributes Indexed by AQL scientific or engineering group. E 177
E2281 Practice for Process and Measurement Capability accuracy, n—the closeness of agreement between a test result
Indices and an accepted reference value. E 177
E2282 GuideforDefiningtheTestResultofaTestMethod aliases,n—inafractionalfactorialdesign,twoormoreeffects
E2334 PracticeforSettinganUpperConfidenceBoundFor which are estimated by the same contrast and which,
a Fraction or Number of Non-Conforming items, or a Rate therefore, cannot be estimated separately. E 1325
assignable cause, n—factor that contributes to variation in a
process or product output that is feasible to detect and
1
ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE11onQuality
identify (see special cause). E 2587
and Statistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.70 on Editorial/
attributes data, n—observed values or test results that indi-
Terminology.
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published June 2008. Originally
cate the presence or absence of specific characteristics or
e1
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E456–06 .
counts of occurrences of events in time or space. E 2587
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
attributes, method of, n—measurement of quality by the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on method of attributes consists of noting the presence (or
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
e1
Designation:E456–06 Designation:E456–08
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Quality and Statistics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—E456 was updated editorially in February 2008.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard is the general terminology standard for terms defined in the standards of Committee E11 on Quality and
Statistics.
1.2 A term in this standard which lists an attribution to an E11 technical standard indicates that the standard is normative for
that term. Any changes in the term definition in the normative standard will be editorially changed in this standard. Any terms
added to an E11 standard will be editorially added to this standard with an attribution to that standard.
1.3 Term definitions that are similar to ISO 3534 will be noted in this standard, but ISO 3534 will not be considered normative
for any E11 terms.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM E11 Standards with terms in this standard:
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
E1169 Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
E1325 Terminology Relating to Design of Experiments
E1488 Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods
E1994 Practice for Use of Process Oriented AOQL and LTPD Sampling Plans
E2234 Practice for Sampling a Stream of Product by Attributes Indexed by AQL
E2281 Practice for Process and Measurement Capability Indices
E2282 Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method
E2334 Practice for Setting an Upper Confidence Bound For a Fraction or Number of Non-Conforming items, or a Rate of
Occurrence for Non-conformities, Using Attribute Data, When There is a Zero Response in the Sample
E2489 Practice for Statistical Analysis of One-Sample and Two-Sample Interlaboratory Proficiency Testing Programs
E2554 Practice for Estimating and Monitoring the Uncertainty of Test Results of a Test Method in a Single Laboratory Using
a Control Sample Program
E2555 Practice for Factors and Procedures for Applying the MIL-STD-105 Plans in Life and Reliability Inspection
E2586 Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics
E2587 Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical Process Control
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 3534 Statistics-Vocabulary and Symbols
Part 1: Probability and General Statistical Terms
Part 2: Applied Statistics
3. Terminology
acceptance (control chart or acceptance control chart usage, ), n—a decision that the process is operating in a satisfactory
manner with respect to the statistical measures being plotted: action limits: control limits.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E11 on Quality and Statistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.70 on
Editorial/Terminology.
Current edition approved Sept.April 1, 2006.2008. Published November 2006.June 2008. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 20042006 as
e1
E456–046 .
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E456–08
acceptance quality limit AQL , n— quality limit that is the worst tolerable process average when a continuing series of lots is
submitted for acceptance sampling. E 2234
accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an agreed-upon reference for comparison, and which is derived as: (1)a
theoretical or established value, based on scientific principles, (2) an assigned or certified value, based on experimental work
of some national or international organization, or (3) a consensus or certified value, based on collaborative experimental work
under the auspices of a scientific or engineering group. E 177
accuracy, n—the closeness of agreement between a te
...
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