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ASTM D1044-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion

Standard Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for estimating the resistance of transparent plastics to one kind of surface abrasion by measuring the change in optical properties.
1.2 Abrasive damage is visually judged and numerically quantified by the difference in haze percentage in accordance with Test Method D 1003 between an abraded and unabraded specimen.
1.3 CS-10F wheels manufactured between October 2002 and September 2004 have been found to give different results than historical values. Comparisons of data using these wheels should be made with caution. Results using wheels made after September 2004 have agreed with those obtained before October 2002.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.
Note 1—This test method is equivalent to ISO 3537 in the measurement of resistance to abrasion in Section 7, but is not equivalent to ISO 3537 in any other measurement or section. This test method is not equivalent to ISO 9352, and results cannot be directly compared between the two methods.
Note 2—This test method is similar to ANSI/SAE Z26.1, Test 17.
Note 3—Prior attempts to employ the Taber Abraser for volume loss determinations of various plastics have been unsuccessful because of excessively large coefficients of variation attributed to the data. Insufficient agreement among the participating laboratories has rendered the use of volume loss procedure inadvisable as an ASTM test method.
Note 4—For determining the resistance to abrasion of organic coatings by weight loss, reference is made to Test Method D 4060, which uses more aggressive CS-10 or CS-17 abrasive wheels. It suffers from poor reproducibility between laboratories when numerical abrasion resistance values are used. Interlaboratory agreement improves significantly when ranking a series of coatings for their abrasion resistance.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2005
ICS
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.10 - Mechanical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1044-99 - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D1044-08 - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion
Effective Date
01-Mar-2008
Referred By
ASTM G195-22 - Standard Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4802-16 - Standard Specification for Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Acrylic Plastic Sheet
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7187-20 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Mechanistic Aspects of Scratch/Mar Behavior of Paint Coatings by Nanoscratching
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM C1349-17 - Standard Specification for Architectural Flat Glass Clad Polycarbonate
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D1003-21 - Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM F790-23 - Standard Guide for Testing Materials for Aerospace Plastic Transparent Enclosures
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005

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ASTM D1044-05 - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface AbrasionASTM D1044-05 - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion
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ASTM D1044-05 - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 1044 – 05
Standard Test Method for
1
Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1044; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for estimating
the resistance of transparent plastics to one kind of surface D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
abrasion by measuring the change in optical properties. D 1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
1.2 Abrasive damage is visually judged and numerically of Transparent Plastics
quantified by the difference in haze percentage in accordance D 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-
with Test Method D 1003 between an abraded and unabraded rials
specimen. D 4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
1.3 CS-10F wheels manufactured between October 2002 Coatings by the Taber Abraser
and September 2004 have been found to give different results E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
than historical values. Comparisons of data using these wheels Determine the Precision of a Test Method
4
should be made with caution. Results using wheels made after 2.2 ISO Standards:
September 2004 have agreed with those obtained before ISO 3537 Road Vehicles—Safety Glazing Materials—
October 2002. Mechanical Tests
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as ISO9352 Plastics—DeterminationofResistancetoWearby
standard.Thevaluesgiveninbracketsareforinformationonly. Abrasive Wheels
4
2.3 ANSI Standards:
NOTE 1—This test method is equivalent to ISO 3537 in the measure-
ANSI/SAE Z26.1 Safety Glazing Materials for Glazing
ment of resistance to abrasion in Section 7, but is not equivalent to
Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Equipment Operating
ISO 3537 in any other measurement or section. This test method is not
on Land Highways—Abrasion Resistance, Test 17 (Plas-
equivalent to ISO 9352, and results cannot be directly compared between
the two methods.
tics)
NOTE 2—This test method is similar to ANSI/SAE Z26.1, Test 17.
NOTE 3—Prior attempts to employ the Taber Abraser for volume loss
3. Terminology
2
determinations of various plastics have been unsuccessful because of
3.1 Definitions:
excessively large coefficients of variation attributed to the data. Insuffi-
3.1.1 abrasion—abrasive wear caused by displacement or
cient agreement among the participating laboratories has rendered the use
rearrangement of a softer material due to rubbing or scuffing
of volume loss procedure inadvisable as an ASTM test method.
NOTE 4—For determining the resistance to abrasion of organic coatings against hard sharp particles.
by weight loss, reference is made to Test Method D 4060, which uses
3.1.2 haze—In accordance with Test Method D 1003, that
more aggressive CS-10 or CS-17 abrasive wheels. It suffers from poor
percentage of transmitted light which in passing through the
reproducibility between laboratories when numerical abrasion resistance
specimen deviates from the incident beam by forward scatter-
values are used. Interlaboratory agreement improves significantly when
ing. For the purpose of this test method, only light flux
ranking a series of coatings for their abrasion resistance.
deviating more than 0.044 rad (2.5°) on the average is
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
considered to be haze.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 reface—preparation of an abrasive wheel on a condi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tioning stone prior to use in testing.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.4 wheel—an abrasive wheel consisting of hard particles
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(aluminum oxide) embedded in resilient binder.
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 1044 - 99. the ASTM website.
2 4
Supporting data are available fromASTM Headquarters. Request RR:D20-48 Available
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastics when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made.  
4.2 Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, yield stress, deformation beyond yield point, and compressive strength (unless the material merely flattens but does not fracture). Materials possessing a low order of ductility may not exhibit a yield point. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure of the material. Many plastic materials will continue to deform in compression until a flat disk is produced, the compressive stress (nominal) rising steadily in the process, without any well-defined fracture occurring. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases.  
4.3 Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.  
4.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the ASTM specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D3410/D3410M or D6641/D6641M.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1.
Note 2: This standard is equivalent to ISO 604.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM D1929-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.  
4.2 This test is not intended to be the sole criterion for fire hazard. In addition to ignition temperatures, fire hazards include other factors such as burning rate or flame spread, intensity of burning, fuel contribution, products of combustion, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire test response test method2 covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be hazardous to personnel.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 871-2022 (Option 1) are similar in all technical details.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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