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ASTM C1616-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining the Moisture Content of Organic and Inorganic Insulation Materials by Weight

Standard Test Method for Determining the Moisture Content of Organic and Inorganic Insulation Materials by Weight

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Some insulation materials contain moisture, which will affect the thermal and other physical properties of the insulation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method will determine the moisture content, as a percentage of the dry weight of organic and inorganic insulation materials.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2007
ICS
29.035.01 - Insulating materials in general
Technical Committee
C16 - Thermal Insulation
Drafting Committee
C16.33 - Insulation Finishes and Moisture
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1616-05 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Moisture Content of Inorganic Insulation Materials by Weight
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Replaced By
ASTM C1616-07e1 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Moisture Content of Organic and Inorganic Insulation Materials by Weight
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM C610-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Molded Expanded Perlite Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7954/D7954M-22a - Standard Practice for Moisture Surveying of Roofing and Waterproofing Systems Using Nondestructive Electrical Impedance Scanners
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM C533-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Calcium Silicate Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM C209-20 - Standard Test Methods for Cellulosic Fiber Insulating Board
Effective Date
01-May-2007

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ASTM C1616-07 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Moisture Content of Organic and Inorganic Insulation Materials by WeightASTM C1616-07 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Moisture Content of Organic and Inorganic Insulation Materials by Weight
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ASTM C1616-07 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Moisture Content of Organic and Inorganic Insulation Materials by Weight
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1616–07
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Moisture Content of Organic and Inorganic
1
Insulation Materials by Weight
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1616; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope heating them in an oven to remove any moisture. Then the
moisture content is determined using the calculation procedure
1.1 Thistestmethodwilldeterminethemoisturecontent,as
in 9.1.
a percentage of the dry weight of organic and inorganic
insulation materials.
5. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
5.1 Some insulation materials contain moisture, which will
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
affect the thermal and other physical properties of the insula-
information only.
tion.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
6. Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6.1 Air-circulating Oven.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6.2 Scale (accurate to within 0.0011 lb (0.5 g).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
7. Sampling and Test Specimen Preparation
2. Referenced Documents
2 7.1 Test Specimen—Thetestspecimenshallbeofasizethat
2.1 ASTM Standards:
canbeconvenientlytestedinadryingovenbutnotlessthan72
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
cubic inches in volume such as 6 by 6 by 2 in. thick (150 by
C302 Test Method for Density and Dimensions of Pre-
150 by 51 mm).
formed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal Insulation
C303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-
8. Procedure
formed Block and Board−Type Thermal Insulation
8.1 Four test specimens shall be tested. Cut or prepare the
C390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal
four specimens to meet the size requirements of 7.1.
Insulation Lots
8.2 Measure and record the specimens weight (W) imme-
I
diatelyafterthespecimensarepreparedtosize.Thespecimens
3. Terminology
shall be weighed to the nearest 0.0011 lb (0.5 g).
3.1 Definitions—For definitions used in this specification,
8.3 Place the specimens in an air-circulating oven at a
see Terminology C168.
temperature specified in the material specification or at a
3.2 Symbols:
temperature of 230 6 10°F (110 6 6°C) for a minimum of 2
M=moisture content weight, percent
h. Cool the specimens to room temperature in a desiccator and
W =initial specimen weight, lb (g)
I
measure their weight. Repeat the process until successive
W =moisture-free specimen weight (g) M,lb
MF
weightsagreetowithin0.2%ofthespecimenweightobtained
4. Summary of Test Method in the latest weighing. Record these weights as moisture free
weight (W ).
MF
4.1 This test method is based upon weighing specimens of
the insulation material and then drying the specimens by
NOTE 1—When testing an insulation that contains multiple ingredients
and one or more ingredients w
...

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5.1 Corrosion on the interior surface of metal jacketing can be caused by the formation of a galvanic cell between the dissimilar metals of the pipe and jacket or by crevice or pitting corrosion.  
5.2 The application of a moisture barrier to the interior surface of the metal jacketing inhibits this corrosion by interfering with the galvanic cell formation or by preventing water from contacting the interior metal surface.  
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ASTM D2132-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Dust-and-Fog Tracking and Erosion Resistance of Electrical Insulating Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 Method—It is possible that electrical insulation in service will fail as a result of tracking, erosion, or a combination of both, if exposed to high relative humidity and contamination environments. This is particularly true of organic insulations in outdoor applications where the surface of the insulation becomes contaminated by deposits of moisture and dirt, for example, coal dust or salt spray. This test method is an accelerated test that simulates extremely severe outdoor contamination. It is believed that the most severe conditions likely to be encountered in outdoor service in the United States will be relatively mild compared to the conditions specified in this test method.  
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1.1 This test method is intended to differentiate solid electrical insulating materials with respect to their resistance to the action of electric arcs produced by conduction through surface films of a specified contaminant containing moisture. Test Methods D2302, D2303, D3638, and D5288 are also useful to evaluate materials.  
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6.1 Thermal degradation is often a major factor affecting the life of insulating materials and the equipment in which they are used. The temperature index provides a means for comparing the thermal capability of different materials in respect to the degradation of a selected property (the aging criterion). This property needs to directly or indirectly represent functional needs in application. For example, it is possible that a change in dielectric strength will be of direct, functional importance. However, more often it is possible that a decrease in dielectric strength will indirectly indicate the development of undesirable cracking (embrittlement). A decrease in flexural strength has the potential to be of direct importance in some applications, but also has the potential to indirectly indicate a susceptibility to failure in vibration. Often, it is necessary that two or more criteria of failure be used; for example, dielectric strength and flexural strength.  
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1.1 This test method2 provides procedures for evaluating the thermal endurance of rigid electrical insulating materials. Dielectric strength, flexural strength, or water absorption are determined at room temperature after aging for increasing periods of time in air at selected-elevated temperatures. A thermal-endurance graph is plotted using a selected end point at each aging temperature. A means is described for determining a temperature index by extrapolation of the thermal endurance graph to a selected time.  
1.2 This test method is most applicable to rigid electrical insulation such as supports, spacers, voltage barriers, coil forms, terminal boards, circuit boards and enclosures for many types of application where retention of the selected property after heat aging is important.  
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1.4 This test method is not applicable to ceramics, glass, or similar inorganic materials.  
1.5 The values stated in metric units are to be regarded as standard. Other units (in parentheses) are provided for information.  
1.6 When determining the thermal endurance of rigid EIM, the basic concepts in this standard follow IEEE 1, IEEE 98, and IEEE 101.  
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ASTM D5424-23a(Test Method)
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5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a variety of fire-test-response characteristics associated with smoke obscuration and resulting from burning the electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables. The specimens are allowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions after ignition by means of a propane gas burner.  
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1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.  
1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the smoke obscuration resulting from burning electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables when the cable specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to a specified flaming ignition source and burn freely under well ventilated conditions.  
1.3 This test method provides two different protocols for exposing the materials, when made into cable specimens, to an ignition source (approximately 20 kW), for a 20 min test duration. Use it to determine the flame propagation and smoke release characteristics of the materials contained in single and multiconductor electrical or optical fiber cables designed for use in cable trays.  
1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of electrical or optical fiber cables in fire conditions other than the ones specifically used in this test method, nor does it measure the contribution of the cables to a developing fire condition.  
1.5 Data describing the burning behavior from ignition to the end of the test are obtained.  
1.6 The production of light obscuring smoke is measured.  
1.7 The burning behavior is documented visually, by photographic or video recordings, or both.  
1.8 The test equipment is suitable for making other, optional, measurements, including the rate of heat release of the burning specimen, by an oxygen consumption technique and weight loss.  
1.9 Another set of optional measurements are the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases.  
1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. (See IEEE/ASTM SI 10.)  
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ASTM D5537-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Heat Release, Flame Spread, Smoke Obscuration, and Mass Loss Testing of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a variety of fire-test-response characteristics associated with heat and smoke release and resulting from burning the materials insulating electrical or optical fiber cables, when made into cables and installed on a vertical cable tray. The specimens are allowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions after ignition by means of a propane gas burner. The ignition source used in this test method is also described as a premixed flame flaming ignition source in Practice E3020, which contains an exhaustive compilation of ignition sources.  
5.2 The rate of heat release often serves as an indication of the intensity of the fire generated. General considerations of the importance of heat release rate are discussed in Appendix X1 and considerations for heat release calculations are in Appendix X2.  
5.3 Other fire-test-response characteristics that are measurable by this test method are useful to make decisions on fire safety. The test method is also used for measuring smoke obscuration. The apparatus described here is also useful to measure gaseous components of smoke; the most important gaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides, present in all fires. The carbon oxides are major indicators of the completeness of combustion and are often used as part of fire hazard assessment calculations and to improve the accuracy of heat release measurements.  
5.4 Test Limitations:  
5.4.1 The fire-test-response characteristics measured in this test are a representation of the manner in which the specimens tested behave under certain specific conditions. Do not assume they are representative of a generic fire performance of the materials tested when made into cables of the construction under consideration.  
5.4.2 In particular, it is unlikely that this test is an adequate representation of the fire behavior of cables in confined spaces, without abundant circulation of air.  
5.4.3 This is an intermediate-scale test...
SCOPE
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.  
1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the heat released and smoke obscuration by burning the electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables when the cable specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to a specified flaming ignition source and burn freely under well ventilated conditions. Flame propagation cable damage, by char length, and mass loss are also measured.  
1.3 This test method provides two different protocols for exposing the materials, when made into cable specimens, to an ignition source (approximately 20 kW), for a 20 min test duration. Use it to determine the heat release, smoke release, flame propagation and mass loss characteristics of the materials contained in single and multiconductor electrical or optical fiber cables.  
1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of materials insulating electrical or optical fiber cables in fire conditions other than the ones specifically used in this test method nor does it measure the contribution of the materials in those cables to a developing fire condition.  
1.5 Data describing the burning behavior from ignition to the end of the test are obtained.  
1.6 This test equipment is suitable for measuring the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases (see Appendix X4).  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard (see IEEE/ASTM SI-10). The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions  
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ASTM D6194-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Glow-Wire Ignition of Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 During operation of electrical equipment, including wires, resistors, and other conductors, it is possible for overheating to occur under certain conditions of operation, or when malfunctions occur. When this happens, a possible result is ignition of the adjacent insulation material.  
5.2 This test method assesses the susceptibility of electrical insulating materials to ignition as a result of exposure to a glowing wire.  
5.3 This test method determines the minimum temperature required to ignite a material by the effect of a glowing heat source, under the specified conditions of test.  
5.4 This method is suitable, subject to the appropriate limitations of an expected precision of ±15 %, to categorize materials.  
5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the minimum temperature required to ignite insulating materials using a glowing heat source. In a preliminary fashion, this test method differentiates between the susceptibilities of different materials with respect to their resistance to ignition due to an electrically-heated source.  
1.2 This test method applies to molded or sheet materials available in thicknesses ranging from 0.25 mm to 6.4 mm.  
1.3 This test method is not valid for determining the ignition behavior of complete electrotechnical equipment, since the design of the electrotechnical product influences the heat transfer between adjacent parts.  
1.4 This test method measures and describes the response or materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. (See IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.)For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.  
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
Note 1: Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-12 differ in approach and in detail, data obtained to determine the glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) using either test method are technically similar. Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-13 differ in approach and in detail, data obtained to determine the glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) using either test method are technically similar.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1711-22(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of technical terms associated with testing and specifying solid electrical and electronic insulating materials.  
1.2 This terminology standard shall contain all definitions that are balloted specifically through Subcommittee D09.94 and through D09 main committee and that are of general interest to standards associated with electrical and electronic insulating materials. Those definitions shall be of importance to electrical and electronic insulating materials issues but need not be directly associated with a specific standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials.  
1.3 It is intended that all definitions in this terminology standard originating in a specific standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D09 be identical to definitions of the same terms as printed in standards of originating technical subcommittees, with the exceptions of: (1) deletion of any part of the Discussion included in another standard that refers specifically to the use of a term in that standard; (2) figure numbers and corresponding references; and (3) in this terminology standard, a parenthetical addition of a reference to one or more technical standards in which the term is used and the year in which the term was added to this compilation.  
1.3.1 Definitions contained in this terminology standard which did not originate in a specific standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D09, or which originated in a standard that has since been revised or withdrawn, and that have been appropriately balloted, shall also be included in this terminology standard.  
1.4 It is permissible to include symbols as part of the representation of terms, where appropriate.  
1.5 It is not intended that this terminology standard include symbols (except as noted in 1.4). It is also permissible to include acronyms and abbreviations referring directly to defined terms.  
1.6 Revisions and additions to those definitions in this terminology standard which originate in a specific standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D09 are to be made as a product of a collaborative effort between Subcommittee D09.94 and the corresponding technical subcommittee of Committee D09, with Subcommittee D09.94 providing editorial advice to the technical subcommittees.  
1.7 Each definition in this terminology standard shall be accompanied by the year in which it was first incorporated into the standard, placed at the end in parentheses. All discussions shall also carry a date; it is possible that the discussion date is different from the definition date.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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