ASTM A229/A229M-17

Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Quenched and Tempered for Mechanical Springs

ABSTRACT
This specification covers two classes of oil-tempered steel spring wire intended especially for the manufacture of mechanical springs and wire forms. The steel may be made by any commercially accepted steel-making process and shall either be ingot cast or strand cast. The finished wire shall be free of detrimental pipe and undue segregation. The wire shall be oil quenched and tempered to produce the desired mechanical properties such as tensile strength. Cast, heat, and product analysis shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon. Tension, wrap, and surface tests shall be performed. The surface of the wire as-received shall be free of rust, excessive scale die marks, pits, and scratches detrimental to the end application. Other metallurgical requirements such as microstructure and decarburization are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two classes of commercial quality round and shaped quenched and tempered steel spring wire intended especially for the manufacture of mechanical springs and wire forms. The quality level is lower than specialty spring quality (Specification A1000/A1000M) or valve spring quality (Specification A230/A230M).  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems can result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2017
• ICS: 77.140.25 - Spring steels
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.03 - Steel Rod and Wire

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A229/A229M-12 - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Quenched and Tempered for Mechanical Springs
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2017
• Referred By: ASTM A1000/A1000M-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon and Alloy Specialty Spring Quality
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2017
• Referred By: ASTM F1508-96(2021) - Standard Specification for Angle Style, Pressure Relief Valves for Steam, Gas, and Liquid Services
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A229/A229M −17
Standard Specification for
Steel Wire, Quenched and Tempered for Mechanical
1
Springs
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA229/A229M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* A751Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
cal Analysis of Steel Products
1.1 This specification covers two classes of commercial
A941TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
quality round and shaped quenched and tempered steel spring
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
wire intended especially for the manufacture of mechanical
A1000/A1000MSpecification for Steel Wire, Carbon and
springs and wire forms. The quality level is lower than
Alloy Specialty Spring Quality
specialty spring quality (Specification A1000/A1000M)or
E8/E8MTest Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
valve spring quality (Specification A230/A230M).
terials
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Determine Conformance with Specifications
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore,
E1077Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarbur-
each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-
ization of Steel Specimens
ingvaluesfromthetwosystemscanresultinnon-conformance
with the standard.
3. Terminology
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1 Fordefinitionoftermsusedinthisspecification,referto
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Terminology A941.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.1 commercial quality wire, n—a grade of wire that is
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
fairly common quality and intended for applications that are
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
primarily static in nature, or not involving significant fatigue
2. Referenced Documents loading.
2
3.2.2 equivalent round diameter, n—diameter of a round
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A230/A230MSpecification for Steel Wire, Oil-Tempered wire having equivalent cross sectional area to a given shaped
wire.
Carbon Valve Spring Quality
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
3.2.3 shape factor, n—a value used to obtain cross sectional
of Steel Products
area for shaped wires when multiplied by measured width and
A510/A510MSpecification for General Requirements for
measured thickness.
Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel, and
Alloy Steel
4. Ordering Information
A700Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify
for Steel Products for Shipment
all requirements that are necessary for material under this
specification. Such requirements may include, but are not
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
limited to, the following:
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.1.1 Quantity (mass or weight),
A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.
4.1.2 Name of material (quenched and tempered steel me-
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originally
chanical spring wire) and class (Table 1 or Table 2),
approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A229/A229M–12.
DOI: 10.1520/A0229_A0229M-17.
4.1.3 Dimensions (Section 10),
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.1.4 Restrictions to the allowed chemical composition
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
range beyond those specified in Table 3, if required,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 4.1.5 Packaging (Section 16),
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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A229/A229M−17
A
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements, SI Units TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements, Inch-Pound Units
Class I Class II
Class I Class II
A
Diameter, mm Tensile Strength, MPa Tensile Strength, MPa
Diameter, in. Tensile Strength, ksi Tensile Strength, ksi
min max min max
min max min max
0.50 2050 2250 2230 2450
0.020 293 323 324 354
0.55 2020 2220 2220 2440
0.023 289 319 320 350
0.60 2000 2200 22
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A229/A229M − 12 A229/A229M − 17
Standard Specification for
Steel Wire, Quenched and Tempered for Mechanical
1
Springs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A229/A229M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers two classes of commercial quality round and shaped quenched and tempered steel spring wire
intended especially for the manufacture of mechanical springs and wire forms. The quality level is lower than specialty spring
quality (Specification A1000/A1000M) or valve spring quality (Specification A230/A230M).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems can result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A230/A230M Specification for Steel Wire, Oil-Tempered Carbon Valve Spring Quality
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A510A510/A510M Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel, and Alloy
Steel
A510M Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel (Metric) (Withdrawn
3
2011)
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
A1000/A1000M Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon and Alloy Specialty Spring Quality
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburization of Steel Specimens
3. Terminology
3.1 For definition of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology A941.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology A941.
3.2.1 commercial quality wire, n—a grade of wire that is fairly common quality and intended for applications that are primarily
static in nature, or not involving significant fatigue loading.
3.2.2 equivalent round diameter, n—diameter of a round wire having equivalent cross sectional area to a given shaped wire.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.03
on Steel Rod and Wire.
Current edition approved April 15, 2012Sept. 1, 2017. Published April 2012September 2017. Originally approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2005 2012
as A229/A229M – 99 (2005).A229/A229M – 12. DOI: 10.1520/A0229_A0229M-12.10.1520/A0229_A0229M-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A229/A229M − 17
3.2.3 shape factor, n—a value used to obtain cross sectional area for shaped wires when multiplied by measured width and
measured thickness.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for material under this
specification. Such requirements may include, but are not limited to, the following:
4.1.1 Quantity (mass or weight),
4.1.2 Name of material (quenched and tempered ste
...