ASTM D6560-00(2005)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Asphaltenes are the organic molecules of highest molecular mass and carbon-hydrogen ratio normally occurring in crude petroleum and petroleum products containing residual material. They may give problems during storage and handling if the suspension of asphaltene molecules is disturbed through excess stress or incompatibility. They are also the last molecules in a product to combust completely, and thus may be one indicator of black smoke propensity. Their composition normally includes a disproportionately high quantity of the sulfur, nitrogen, and metals present in the crude petroleum or petroleum product.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the heptane insoluble asphaltene content of gas oil, diesel fuel, residual fuel oils, lubricating oil, bitumen, and crude petroleum that has been topped to an oil temperature of 260°C (see A1.2.1.1).
1.2 The precision is applicable to values between 0.50 and 30.0 % m/m. Values outside this range may still be valid but may not give the same precision values.
1.3 Oils containing additives may give erroneous results.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
A1.1.1 This annex covers a procedure for the preparation of a crude petroleum residue (topped to an oil temperature of 260°C) suitable for the determination of asphaltene content (see 9.4).
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D6560–00 (Reapproved 2005)
Designation: IP143/01
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude
,
1 2
Petroleum and Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6560; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determina-
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
tion of the heptane insoluble asphaltene content of gas oil,
Petroleum Products
diesel fuel, residual fuel oils, lubricating oil, bitumen, and
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
crude petroleum that has been topped to an oil temperature of
Petroleum Products
260°C (see A1.2.1.1).
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2.2 IP Standard:
1.2 The precision is applicable to values between 0.50 and
Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers
30.0% m/m. Values outside this range may still be valid but
may not give the same precision values.
3. Terminology
1.3 Oils containing additives may give erroneous results.
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.1 asphaltenes, n—wax-free organic material insoluble
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
in heptane, but soluble in hot toluene (benzene).
standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NOTE 1—Benzeneisincludedinthisdefinitionsolelyonthebasisofits
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the classical references in the definition of asphaltenes. The precision of this
test method when using toluene has been found to be the same as when
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
using benzene.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents 4.1 A test portion of the sample is mixed with heptane and
3 the mixture heated under reflux, and the precipitated as-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
phaltenes, waxy substances, and inorganic material are col-
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
lected on a filter paper. The waxy substances are removed by
Atmospheric Pressure
washing with hot heptane in an extractor.
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
4.2 After removal of the waxy substances, the asphaltenes
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
are separated from the inorganic material by dissolution in hot
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
toluene, the extraction solvent is evaporated, and the as-
phaltenes weighed.
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5. Significance and Use
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
5.1 Asphaltenes are the organic molecules of highest mo-
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
lecular mass and carbon-hydrogen ratio normally occurring in
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D6560–00. DOI: crude petroleum and petroleum products containing residual
10.1520/D6560-00R05.
material.Theymaygiveproblemsduringstorageandhandling
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This standard is based on material published in the IP Standard methods for
if the suspension of asphaltene molecules is disturbed through
Analysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products and British Standard 2000
excess stress or incompatibility. They are also the last mol-
Parts, copyright Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London, W1M 8AR.
Adapted with permission of Energy Institute.
ecules in a product to combust completely, and thus may be
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIM 8AR,
the ASTM website. UK.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D6560–00 (2005)
TABLE 1 Test Portion Size, Flask, and Heptane Volumes
one indicator of black smoke propensity. Their composition
normally includes a disproportionately high quantity of the Estimated Asphaltene Test Portion Heptane Volume
Content Size Flask Volume
sulfur, nitrogen, and metals present in the crude petroleum or
%m/m g mL mL
petroleum product.
Less t
...
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