ASTM D6560-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Asphaltenes are the organic molecules of highest molecular mass and carbon-hydrogen ratio normally occurring in crude petroleum and petroleum products containing residual material. They may give problems during storage and handling if the suspension of asphaltene molecules is disturbed through excess stress or incompatibility. They are also the last molecules in a product to combust completely, and thus may be one indicator of black smoke propensity. Their composition normally includes a disproportionately high quantity of the sulfur, nitrogen, and metals present in the crude petroleum or petroleum product.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the heptane insoluble asphaltene content of gas oil, diesel fuel, residual fuel oils, lubricating oil, bitumen, and crude petroleum that has been topped to an oil temperature of 260°C (see A1.2.1.1).
1.2 The precision is applicable to values between 0.50 and 30.0 % m/m. Values outside this range may still be valid but may not give the same precision values.
1.3 Oils containing additives may give erroneous results.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6560 −12
Designation: IP 143⁄01
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude
1,2
Petroleum and Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6560; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4052Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determina-
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
tion of the heptane insoluble asphaltene content of gas oil,
Petroleum Products
diesel fuel, residual fuel oils, lubricating oil, bitumen, and
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
crude petroleum that has been topped to an oil temperature of
Petroleum Products
260°C (see A1.2.1.1).
4
2.2 Energy Institute Standard:
1.2 The precision is applicable to values between 0.50 and
Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers
30.0% m/m. Values outside this range may still be valid but
may not give the same precision values.
3. Terminology
1.3 Oils containing additives may give erroneous results.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 asphaltenes, n—(rarely used in the singular) — in
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
petroleum technology, represent an oil fraction that is soluble
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
in a specified aromatic solvent but separates upon addition of
standard.
an excess of a specified paraffinic solvent.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1.1 Discussion—In this test method, the aromatic sol-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
vent is hot toluene and the paraffinic solvent is heptane.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1.2 Discussion—Historically, benzene was the aromatic
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
solvent, but benzene is not typically used now for health
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
reasons. The precision of this test method when using toluene
has been found to be the same as when using benzene.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4. Summary of Test Method
D86Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
4.1 A test portion of the sample is mixed with heptane and
Atmospheric Pressure
the mixture heated under reflux, and the precipitated
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
asphaltenes, waxy substances, and inorganic material are
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
collected on a filter paper. The waxy substances are removed
ucts by Hydrometer Method
by washing with hot heptane in an extractor.
4.2 After removal of the waxy substances, the asphaltenes
are separated from the inorganic material by dissolution in hot
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
toluene, the extraction solvent is evaporated, and the as-
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
phaltenes weighed.
Current edition approved April 15, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6560–00(2005).
5. Significance and Use
DOI: 10.1520/D6560-12.
2
This standard is based on material published in the IP Standard methods for
5.1 Asphaltenes are the organic molecules of highest mo-
Analysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products and British Standard 2000
lecular mass and carbon-hydrogen ratio normally occurring in
Parts, copyright Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London, W1M 8AR.
crude petroleum and petroleum products containing residual
Adapted with permission of Energy Institute.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIM 8AR,
the ASTM website. UK.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6560 − 12
TABLE 1 Test Portion Size, Flask, and Heptane Volumes
material.Theymaygiveproblemsduringstorageandhandling
if the suspension of asphaltene molecules is disturbed through Estimated Asphaltene Test Portion
Content Size Flask Volume Heptane Volume
excess stress or incomp
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6560–00 (Reapproved 2005) Designation: D6560 – 12
Designation: IP 143/01
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude
,
1 2
Petroleum and Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6560; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversaprocedureforthedeterminationoftheheptaneinsolubleasphaltenecontentofgasoil,dieselfuel,
residualfueloils,lubricatingoil,bitumen,andcrudepetroleumthathasbeentoppedtoanoiltemperatureof260°C(seeA1.2.1.1).
1.2 The precision is applicable to values between 0.50 and 30.0% m/m. Values outside this range may still be valid but may
not give the same precision values.
1.3 Oils containing additives may give erroneous results.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D1298 TestMethodforDensity,RelativeDensity(SpecificGravity),orAPIGravityofCrudePetroleumandLiquidPetroleum
Products by Hydrometer Method
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
4
2.2 IP Standard: Energy Institute Standard:
Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 asphaltenes, n—wax-free organic material insoluble in heptane, but soluble in hot toluene (benzene).
NOTE1—Benzene is included in this definition solely on the basis of its classical references in the definition of asphaltenes. The precision of this test
method when using toluene has been found to be the same as when using benzene. —(rarely used in the singular) — in petroleum technology, represent
an oil fraction that is soluble in a specified aromatic solvent but separates upon addition of an excess of a specified paraffinic solvent.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—In this test method, the aromatic solvent is hot toluene and the paraffinic solvent is heptane.
3.1.1.2 Discussion—Historically, benzene was the aromatic solvent, but benzene is not typically used now for health reasons.
The precision of this test method when using toluene has been found to be the same as when using benzene.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.14 on
Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D6560–00. DOI:
10.1520/D6560-00R05.
Current edition approved April 15, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6560–00(2005). DOI:
10.1520/D6560-12.
2
This standard is based on material published in the IP Standard methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products and British Standard 2000 Parts,
copyright Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London, W1M 8AR. Adapted with permission of Energy Institute.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIM 8AR, UK.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6560 – 12
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A test portion of the sample is mixed with heptane and the mixture heated under reflux, and the precipitated asphaltenes,
waxy substances, and inorganic material are collected on a filter pap
...
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