ASTM D7996-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Visible Spectrum of Asphaltenes in Heavy Fuel Oils and Crude Oils by Spectroscopy in a Microfluidic Platform (Withdrawn 2024)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Visible Spectrum of Asphaltenes in Heavy Fuel Oils and Crude Oils by Spectroscopy in a Microfluidic Platform (Withdrawn 2024)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This procedure describes a rapid and sensitive method for measuring the visible spectrum of asphaltenes in crude oils and petroleum products containing residual material using a microfluidic technique.
5.2 The method is sensitive to small changes in concentration of asphaltenes. Therefore, it can be used as a quality control and chain-of-custody check for fuel or crude oil samples.
5.3 The visible spectrum of asphaltenes obtained using this technique is correlated to the mass concentration of asphaltenes using conventional gravimetric techniques (see X1.3.3).
5.4 This test method can be used by refiners as well as upstream laboratories. The test is intended for samples with asphaltenes content less than 15 % by mass.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement, either in the laboratory or in the field, of visible spectra of asphaltenes and maltenes in gas oil, diesel fuel, fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricating oil, bitumen, and crude oil using microfluidics and spectrographic techniques.2
1.2 These measurements can be related quantitatively to the mass percent of asphaltenes present in the sample.
1.3 The test method is limited to asphaltene-containing oil with asphaltenes content less than 15 % by mass.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered the measurement, either in the laboratory or in the field, of visible spectra of asphaltenes and maltenes in gas oil, diesel fuel, fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricating oil, bitumen, and crude oil using microfluidics and spectrographic techniques.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, this test method was withdrawn in January 2024 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D7996 −15
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Visible Spectrum of Asphaltenes in Heavy Fuel
Oils and Crude Oils by Spectroscopy in a Microfluidic
1
Platform
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7996; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method covers the measurement, either in the
D6560 Test Method for Determination ofAsphaltenes (Hep-
laboratory or in the field, of visible spectra of asphaltenes and
tane Insolubles) in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Prod-
maltenes in gas oil, diesel fuel, fuel oils, residual fuel oils,
ucts
lubricating oil, bitumen, and crude oil using microfluidics and
2
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of
spectrographic techniques.
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
1.2 These measurements can be related quantitatively to the
mass percent of asphaltenes present in the sample.
3. Terminology
1.3 The test method is limited to asphaltene-containing oil
3.1 Definitions:
with asphaltenes content less than 15 % by mass.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, see
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Terminology D4175.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.2 absorbance, (A), n—the molecular property of a sub-
standard.
stance that determines its ability to take up radiant energy,
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
expressed by:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
A 5 log 1⁄ T 52log T (1)
~ ! ~ !
10 10
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- where T is the transmittance.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Absorbance expresses the excess ab-
sorption over that of a specified reference or standard. It is
2. Referenced Documents
implied that compensation has been affected for reflectance
3
losses, solvent absorption losses, and refractive effects, if
2.1 ASTM Standards:
present, and that attenuation by scattering is small compared
D3279 Test Method forn-Heptane Insolubles
with attenuation by absorption.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
3.1.3 asphaltenes (rarely used in the singular), n—in petro-
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
leum technology, represent an oil fraction that is soluble in a
Products, and Lubricants
specified aromatic solvent but separates upon addition of an
excess of a specified paraffinic solvent.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—In this test method, the aromatic sol-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
vent is toluene and the paraffinic solvent is heptane.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
3.1.4 crude oil, n—a naturally occurring hydrocarbon
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015. Published February 2016. DOI: 10.1520/
mixture, generally in a liquid state, which may also include
D7996-15.
2 compounds of sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, metals, and other
This method and the apparatus are covered by US Patent 8,269,961 and
Canadian Patent 2,800,879. Interested parties are invited to submit information elements. (Synonym—crude petroleum, crude.)
regarding the identification of an alternative(s) to this patented item to ASTM
3.1.5 dilution factor (f), n—the proportion of solvent in-
International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
1
meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
crease made to reduce the concentration and thus the absor-
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
bance of a solute, expressed by the ratio of the volume of the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
diluted solution to the volume of original solution containing
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. the same quantity of solute as the diluted solution.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D7996−15
3.1.6 flocculation, n—of asphaltenes from crude oils or 4.3 In the second step
...
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