ASTM E776-23

Standard Test Method for Determination of Forms of Chlorine in Refuse-Derived Fuel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The standard is available to producers and users of RDF for determining the content and forms of chlorine present in refuse-derived fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the forms of chlorine in refuse-derived fuel-three (RDF): total chlorine, water-soluble chloride, and water-insoluble chlorine.  
1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 6 and 11.2.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2023
• ICS: 75.160.10 - Solid fuels
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E144-14(2020) - Standard Practice for Safe Use of Oxygen Combustion Vessels
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E776 − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Determination of Forms of Chlorine in Refuse-Derived Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E776; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E711 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Refuse-
Derived Fuel by the Bomb Calorimeter
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the forms
E829 Practice for Preparing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF)
of chlorine in refuse-derived fuel-three (RDF): total chlorine,
Laboratory Samples for Analysis
water-soluble chloride, and water-insoluble chlorine.
3. Terminology
1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste
material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
prepared.
3.1.1 refuse-derived fuels—solid forms of refuse-derived
fuels from which appropriate analytical samples may be
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4
prepared are defined as follows in ASTM STP 832:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
RDF-1—Wastes used as a fuel in as-discarded form with
standard.
only bulky wastes removed.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
RDF-2—Wastes processed to coarse particle size with or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
without ferrous metal separation.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
RDF-3—Combustible waste fraction processed to particle
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
sizes, 95 % passing 2 in. square screening.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
RDF-4—Combustible waste fraction processed into powder
For specific precaution statements, see Section 6 and 11.2.1.
form, 95 % passing 10-mesh screening.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
RDF-5—Combustible waste fraction densified (compressed)
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
into the form of pellets, slugs, cubettes, or briquettes.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.2 total chlorine—all chlorine as determined in the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
refuse-derived fuel.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.3 water-insoluble chlorine—water-insoluble chlorides
and chlorine in the refuse-derived fuel.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.4 water-soluble chloride—those chlorides which are
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
water-solubilized by water extraction as determined in the
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
refuse-derived fuel.
E144 Practice for Safe Use of Oxygen Combustion Vessels
4. Summary of Test Method
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
4.1 The forms of chloride and chlorine are determined. The
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
3
various procedures in the method convert the forms of chlorine
cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)
into a water-soluble chloride form that can be quantitated by
E287 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Burets
titration.
4.1.1 Total Chlorine—The sample is combusted in an oxy-
1 gen atmosphere. The chlorine is converted to chloride and
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
absorbed in an alkaline solution.
Recovery and Reuse.
4.1.2 Water-Soluble Chlorides—A portion of the analysis
Current edition approved April 1, 2023. Published April 2023. Originally
sample is successively extracted with hot chloride-free water.
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E776 – 16. DOI:
4.1.3 Water-Insoluble Chlorine—Water-insoluble chlorine
10.1520/E0776-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
is calculated from the results of the total chlorine and the
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
water-soluble chloride determination where:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Thesaurus on Resource Recovery Terminology, ASTM STP 832, ASTM
www.astm.org. International, 1983, p. 72.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

-------------------
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E776 − 16 E776 − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Determination of Forms of Chlorine in Refuse-Derived Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E776; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the forms of chlorine in refuse-derived fuel-three (RDF): total chlorine,
water-soluble chloride, and water-insoluble chlorine.
1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 6 and 11.2.1.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E144 Practice for Safe Use of Oxygen Combustion Vessels
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
E287 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Burets
E711 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Refuse-Derived Fuel by the Bomb Calorimeter
E829 Practice for Preparing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Laboratory Samples for Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 refuse-derived fuels—solid forms of refuse-derived fuels from which appropriate analytical samples may be prepared are
4
defined as follows in ASTM STP 832:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016April 1, 2023. Published February 2016April 2023. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20092016 as
E776 – 87E776 – 16. (2009). DOI: 10.1520/E0776-16.10.1520/E0776-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Thesaurus on Resource Recovery Terminology, ASTM STP 832, ASTM, ASTM International, 1983, p. 72.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E776 − 23
RDF-1—Wastes used as a fuel in as-discarded form with only bulky wastes removed.
RDF-2—Wastes processed to coarse particle size with or without ferrous metal separation.
RDF-3—Combustible waste fraction processed to particle sizes, 95 % passing 2-in. 2 in. square screening.
RDF-4—Combustible waste fraction processed into powder form, 95 % passing 10-mesh screening.
RDF-5—Combustible waste fraction densified (compressed) into the form of pellets, slugs, cubettes, or briquettes.
3.1.2 total chlorine—all chlorine as determined in the refuse-derived fuel.
3.1.3 water-insoluble chlorine—water-insoluble chlorides and chlorine in the refuse-derived fuel.
3.1.4 water-soluble chloride—those chlorides which are water-solubilized by water extraction as determined in the refuse-derived
fuel.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The forms of chloride and chlorine are determined. The various procedures in the method convert the forms of chlorine into
a water-soluble chloride form that can be quantitated by titration.
4.1.1 Total Chlorine—The sample is combusted in an oxygen atmosphere. The chlorine is converted to chloride and absorbed in
an alkaline solution.
4.1.2 Water-Soluble Chlor
...