ASTM E887-21

Standard Test Method for Silica in Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) and RDF Ash

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of silica in refuse-derived fuel (RDF), RDF ash, fly ash, bottom ash, or slag. The test method is an acid dehydration gravimetric procedure and is independent of interferences. Silicon compounds shall be dissolved by alkali fusion and dehydrated with hydrochloric acid (HCl). Dehydration is completed by ignition, and the silica is volatilized as silicon tetrafluoride.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of silica in refuse-derived fuel (RDF), RDF ash, fly ash, bottom ash, or slag.  
1.2 The test method is an acid dehydration gravimetric procedure and is independent of interferences.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard statement, see Section 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2021
• ICS: 75.160.10 - Solid fuels
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E887 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Silica in Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) and RDF Ash
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E887; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of silica in 3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to
refuse-derived fuel (RDF), RDF ash, fly ash, bottom ash, or Terminology D5681.
slag.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 The test method is an acid dehydration gravimetric
4.1 Silicon compounds in RDF ash, fly ash, bottom ash, or
procedure and is independent of interferences.
slag are dissolved by alkali fusion and dehydrated with
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
hydrochloricacid(HCl).Dehydrationiscompletedbyignition,
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
and the silica is volatilized as silicon tetrafluoride.
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to 0.0001 g.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.2 Muffle Furnace—The furnace shall have an operating
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
temperature up to 1200 °C.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For hazard statement, see Section 7.
5.3 Hot Plate, Microwave Digester, or Steam Bath.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
5.4 Platinum Crucibles, 35 to 85-mL capacity.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.5 Graphite Crucibles, 35 to 85-mL capacity.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5.6 Fused Quartz Dishes, 35 to 85-mL capacity.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6. Reagents and Materials
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
2. Referenced Documents
used in this test. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
3
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
D6044 Guide for Representative Sampling for Management
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
of Waste and Contaminated Media
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
E791 Test Method for Calculating Refuse-Derived Fuel
accuracy of the determination.
Analysis Data from As-Determined to Different Bases
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, reference
E829 Practice for Preparing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF)
to water shall be understood to mean at least Type III reagent
Laboratory Samples for Analysis
water conforming to Specification D1193.
6.3 Sodium Carbonate (Na CO ), anhydrous powder.
2 3
1
6.4 Hydrochloric Acid (HCl), concentrated, sp gr 1.19.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally
3
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E887 – 15. DOI: Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
10.1520/E0887-21. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
the ASTM website. MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E887 − 21
6.5 Hydrochloric Acid (1+3)—Mix 1 volume of concen- 9.1.6 Spread the ash in a thin layer in the dish, and ignite in
1
trated HCl with 3 volumes of water. a stream o
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E887 − 15 E887 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Silica in Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) and RDF Ash
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E887; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of silica in refuse-derived fuel (RDF), RDF ash, fly ash, bottom ash, or slag.
1.2 The test method is an acid dehydration gravimetric procedure and is independent of interferences.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard statement, see Section 67.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
D6044 Guide for Representative Sampling for Management of Waste and Contaminated Media
E791 Test Method for Calculating Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Data from As-Determined to Different Bases
E829 Practice for Preparing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Laboratory Samples for Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D5681.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Silicon compounds in RDF ash, fly ash, bottom ash, or slag are dissolved by alkali fusion and dehydrated with hydrochloric
acid (HCl). Dehydration is completed by ignition, and the silica is volatilized as silicon tetrafluoride.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015Oct. 1, 2021. Published October 2015October 2021. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20092015 as
E887 – 88 (2009).E887 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/E0887-15.10.1520/E0887-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E887 − 21
5. Apparatus
5.1 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to 0.0001 g.
5.2 Muffle Furnace—The furnace shall have an operating temperature up to 1200°C.1200 °C.
5.3 Hot Plate, Microwave Digester, or Steam Bath.
5.4 Platinum Crucibles, 35 to 85-mL capacity.
5.5 Graphite Crucibles, 35 to 85-mL capacity.
5.6 Fused Quartz Dishes, 35 to 85-mL capacity.
6. Reagents and Materials
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in this test. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where
3
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high
purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, reference to water shall be understood to mean at least Type III reagent water
conforming to Specification D1193.
6.3 Sodium Carbonate (Na CO ), anhydrous powder.
2 3
6.4 Hydrochloric Acid (HCl), concentrated, sp gr 1.19.
6.5 Hydrochloric Acid (1 + 3),(1 + 3)—Mix 1 volume of concentrated HCl with 3 volumes of water.
6.6 Hydrochloric Acid (1 + 1)—Mix 1 volume of concentrated HCl with 1 volume of water.
6.7 Hydrochloric Acid (1 + 99)—Mix 1 volume of concentrated HCl with 99 volumes of water.
6.8 Sulfuric Acid (1 + 1)—Mix 1 volume of concentrated sulfuric aci
...