ASTM E829-23

Standard Practice for Preparing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Laboratory Samples for Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Using this procedure a sample of RDF can be converted into a physical form suitable for laboratory fuel analysis.  
5.2 As indicated in Test Method E791, air-dry moisture, which is determined by this procedure, is essential to the calculation of other laboratory results on an as-received basis. The air-dry moisture value is used in conjunction with the results of the residual moisture determination in Test Method E790 to calculate total sample moisture.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation of RDF laboratory samples for analysis, the laboratory samples having been previously obtained from representative RDF samples.  
1.2 The determination of the air-dry loss of the RDF is part of this preparation procedure and must be performed prior to the particle size reduction.  
1.3 The practice given may also be used for other RDF types but additional sample preparation steps may be necessary prior to the application of this method.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement in parentheses in this standard are informational.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2023
• ICS: 13.030.50 - Recycling
• ICS: 75.160.10 - Solid fuels
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E829 − 23
Standard Practice for
Preparing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Laboratory Samples
1
for Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E829; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
1.1 This practice covers the preparation of RDF laboratory
3
cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)
samples for analysis, the laboratory samples having been
E790 Test Method for Residual Moisture in Refuse-Derived
previously obtained from representative RDF samples.
Fuel Analysis Samples
1.2 The determination of the air-dry loss of the RDF is part
E791 Test Method for Calculating Refuse-Derived Fuel
of this preparation procedure and must be performed prior to
Analysis Data from As-Determined to Different Bases
the particle size reduction.
1.3 The practice given may also be used for other RDF 3. Terminology
types but additional sample preparation steps may be necessary
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms common to waste
prior to the application of this method.
and waste management used in this practice, refer to Termi-
4
nology D5681 and ASTM STP 832.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. Other units of measurement in parentheses in this
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard are informational.
3.2.1 air drying—a process of partially drying RDF to bring
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
its moisture content to near equilibrium with the ambient
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the atmosphere in which further reduction, division, and charac-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
terization of the sample are to take place. To bring about this
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- equilibrium, the RDF is usually subjected to drying under
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
controlled temperature conditions ranging from 30 to 40 °C.
Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.
3.2.2 analysis sample—final subsample prepared from the
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
air-dried laboratory sample but reduced by passing through a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
mill with a 0.5 mm (0.02 in.) size or smaller final screen.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.3 bias—a constant or systematic error in the test results.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
The error is a persistent positive or negative deviation from the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
accepted reference value.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.4 gross sample—a sample representing one lot and
composed of a number of increments on which neither reduc-
2. Referenced Documents
2 tion nor division has been performed.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.5 laboratory sample—a representative portion of the
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
gross sample received by the laboratory for further analysis.
D6044 Guide for Representative Sampling for Management
of Waste and Contaminated Media
3.2.6 lot—a large designated quantity (greater than the
quantity of the final sample) of RDF that can be represented by
a properly selected gross sample.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
3.2.7 precision—a term used to indicate the capability of a
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
person, an instrument, or a method to obtain reproducible
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved April 1, 2023. Published April 2023. Originally
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E829 – 16. DOI:
10.1520/E0829-23.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Hollander, H. I., Thesaurus on Resource Recovery Terminology, ASTM
the ASTM website. International, 1983.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E829 − 16 E829 − 23
Standard Practice for
Preparing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Laboratory Samples
1
for Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E829; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the preparation of RDF laboratory samples for analysis, the laboratory samples having been previously
obtained from representative RDF samples.
1.2 The determination of the air-dry loss of the RDF is part of this preparation procedure and must be performed prior to the
particle size reduction.
1.3 The practice given may also be used for other RDF types but additional sample preparation steps may be necessary prior to
the application of this method.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement in parentheses in this standard are
informational.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
D6044 Guide for Representative Sampling for Management of Waste and Contaminated Media
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
E790 Test Method for Residual Moisture in Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Samples
E791 Test Method for Calculating Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Data from As-Determined to Different Bases
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment, Recovery
and Reuse.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016April 1, 2023. Published February 2016April 2023. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20022016 as
E816 – 02E829 – 16., which was withdrawn December 2002 and reinstated in February 2016. DOI: 10.1520/E0829-16. DOI: 10.1520/E0829-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E829 − 23
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms common to waste and waste management used in this practice, refer to Terminology
4
D5681 and ASTM STP 832.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 air-drying—air drying—a process of partially drying RDF to bring its moisture content to near equilibrium with the ambient
atmosphere in which further reduction, division, and characterization of the sample are to take place. In order to To bring about
this equilibrium, the RDF is usually subjected to drying under controlled temperature conditions ranging from 30 to 40°C.40 °C.
3.2.2 analysis sample—final subsample prepared from the air-dried laboratory sample but reduced by passing through a mill with
a 0.5-mm (0.02-in.) 0.5 mm (0.02 in.) size or smaller final screen.
3.2.3 bias—a constant or systematic error in the test results. The error is a persistent positive or negative deviation from the
accepted reference value.
3.2.4 gross sample—a sample representing one lot and composed of a number of increments on which neither reduction nor
division has been performed.
3.2.5 laboratory sample—a representative portion of the gross sample received by the laboratory for further analysis.
3.2.6 lot—a large designated quantity (gr
...