ASTM D772-18

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scaling) of Exterior Paints

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Flaking failure of paint films can occur in use. This test method provides a means of evaluating the degree of failure by comparing to pictorial standards.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the degree of flaking (scaling) of exterior paints by comparison with photographic standards.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This test method is similar though not identical to ISO 4628 Part 5. ISO 4628 Part 5 uses a 0 to 5 rating scale, where a rating of 0 is no change and a rating of 5 is most severe. Test Method D772 uses a 10 to 0 rating scale, where a rating of 10 is no change and a rating of 0 is most severe. The two standards use different pictorial reference photographs for determining the rating values.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2018
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.25 - Evaluation of Weathering Effects

Relations

• Referred By: ASTM D7254-21 - Standard Specification for Polypropylene (PP) Siding
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D6137-97(2018) - Standard Test Method for Sulfuric Acid Resistance of Polymer Linings for Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D4082-10(2023) - Standard Test Method for Effects of Gamma Radiation on Coatings for Use in Nuclear Power Plants
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D5499-94(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Heat Resistance of Polymer Linings for Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM F1130-99(2020) - Standard Practice for Inspecting the Coating System of a Ship
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D333-01(2021) - Standard Guide for Clear and Pigmented Lacquers
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D1014-18 - Standard Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints and Coatings on Metal Substrates
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D5031/D5031M-13(2018) - Standard Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposure Tests of Paint and Related Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D7856-21 - Standard Specification for Color and Appearance Retention of Solid and Variegated Color Plastic Siding Products using CIELab Color Space
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D4141/D4141M-22 - Standard Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D4587-23 - Standard Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D5324-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D3451-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D5146-10(2019) - Standard Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D5722-20 - Standard Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weathering of Factory-Coated Embossed Hardboard Using Concentrated Natural Sunlight and a Soak-Freeze-Thaw Procedure
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D6695-16 - Standard Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D3361/D3361M-22 - Standard Practice for Unfiltered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM E1605-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D6763-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D1006/D1006M-21 - Standard Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Hand and Factory Applied Paints on Wood and Wood Composite Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D822/D822M-13(2018) - Standard Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D772 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scaling) of Exterior Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D772; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the degree of 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
flaking (scaling) of exterior paints by comparison with photo- 3.1.1 flaking, n—that phenomenon manifested in paint films
graphic standards. by the actual detachment of pieces of the film itself either from
its substrate or from paint previously applied. In this standard,
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
the terms flaking and scaling are considered synonymous.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Refer to 6.2.3.
only.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Flaking is generally preceded by crack-
1.3 This test method is similar though not identical to ISO
ing or checking or blistering, and is the result of loss of
4628 Part 5. ISO 4628 Part 5 usesa0to5 rating scale, where
adhesion, usually due to stress-strain factors coming into play.
a rating of 0 is no change and a rating of 5 is most severe. Test
Method D772 uses a 10 to 0 rating scale, where a rating of 10 4. Significance and Use
isnochangeandaratingof0ismostsevere.Thetwostandards
4.1 Flaking failure of paint films can occur in use. This test
use different pictorial reference photographs for determining
method provides a means of evaluating the degree of failure by
the rating values.
comparing to pictorial standards.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Type of Flaking
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Only one type of flaking is recognized, as defined in
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Section 3.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- 6. Use of Photographic Reference Standards
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
6.1 The photographic reference standards that are part of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
this test method are representative of the degree of flaking of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
exterior paint films.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
6.2 The use of the photographic reference standards illus-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
trated in Figs. 1-4 requires the following precautions:
6.2.1 Care must be taken not to confuse various types of
2. Referenced Documents
failure that may be present on the same surface.
2
2.1 Other Standards:
6.2.2 It must be realized that degree of failure will vary over
ISO 4628 Part 5—Paints and Varnishes—Evaluating the
any given area. Therefore, an average portion of the film
Degradation of Coatings—Designation of Quantity and
should be used for comparison. On larger surfaces it is
Size of Defects, and of Intensity of Uniform Changes in
recommended that ratings be made at several locations and the
Appearance—Part 5: Assessment of Degree of Flaking
mean and range reported.
6.2.3 In technical literature, a distinction is sometimes made
between flaking and scaling. In most cases, however, flaking
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and scaling refer to the same phenomenon. In some instances,
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
the term flaking is used to describe the detachment of pieces of
Subcommittee D01.25 on Evaluation of Weathering Effects.
1
film less than 6.4 mm ( ⁄4 in.) in size, and scaling, the
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally
1
approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D772 – 86 (2011).
detachment of pieces over 6.4 mm ( ⁄4 in.) in size. In other
DOI: 10.1520/D0772-86R18.
instances, the term flaking is used to describe the detachment
2
Available from U.S. National Committee of the CIE (International Commission
of pieces of film from the immediate undercoat (intercoat
on Illumination), C/o Alan Laird Lewis, 282 E. Riding, Carlisle, MA 01741,
http://www.cie-usnc.org. failure) and scaling the detachment of pieces from the base
*A
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D772 − 86 (Reapproved 2011) D772 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scaling) of Exterior Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D772; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the degree of flaking (scaling) of exterior paints by comparison with photographic
standards.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This test method is similar though not identical to ISO 4628 Part 5. ISO 4628 Part 5 uses a 0 to 5 rating scale, where a rating
of 0 is no change and a rating of 5 is most severe. Test Method D772 uses a 10 to 0 rating scale, where a rating of 10 is no change
and a rating of 0 is most severe. The two standards use different pictorial reference photographs for determining the rating values.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D1150 Single and Multi-Panel Forms for Recording Results of Exposure Tests of Paints (Withdrawn 1992)
2
2.1 Other Standards:
Pictorial Standards of Coating Defects HandbookISO 4628 Part 5—Paints and Varnishes—Evaluating the Degradation of
Coatings—Designation of Quantity and Size of Defects, and of Intensity of Uniform Changes in Appearance—Part 5:
Assessment of Degree of Flaking
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 flaking (scaling), flaking, n—that phenomenon manifested in paint films by the actual detachment of pieces of the film
itself either from its substrate or from paint previously applied. In this standard, the terms flaking and scaling are considered
synonymous. Refer to 6.2.3.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.25 on Evaluation of Weathering Effects.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011Sept. 1, 2018. Published November 2011October 2018. Originally approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 20052011
as D772 – 86 (2005).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/D0772-86R11.10.1520/D0772-86R18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Available from U.S. National
Committee Annual Book of ASTM Standardsof volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.the CIE (International
Commission on Illumination), C/o Alan Laird Lewis, 282 E. Riding, Carlisle, MA 01741, http://www.cie-usnc.org.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
Flaking (scaling) is generally preceded by cracking or checking or blistering, and is the result of loss of adhesion, usually due to
stress-strain factors coming into play.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D772 − 18
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Flaking (scaling) failure of paint films can occur in use. This test method provides a means of evaluating the degree of failure
by comparing to pictorial standards.
5. Type of Flaking (Scaling)
5.1 Only one type of flaking (scaling) is recognized, as defined in Section 3.
6. Use of Photographic Reference Standards
6.1 The photographic reference standards that are part of this test method and are provided in the are Pictorial Standards of
Coating Defects Handbook are representative of the degree of crackingflaking of exterior paint film
...