ASTM E1004-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Method
Standard Test Method for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Absolute probe coil methods, when used in conjunction with reference standards of known value, provide a means for determining the electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic materials.
4.2 Electrical conductivity of a sample, when used in conjunction with another method listed and compared to reference charts, can be used as a means of determining: (1) type of metal or alloy, (2) type of heat treatment (for aluminum this evaluation should be used in conjunction with a hardness examination), (3) aging of the alloy, (4) effects of corrosion, (5) heat damage, (6) temper, and (7) hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic metals using the electromagnetic (eddy current) method. The procedure has been written primarily for use with commercially available direct reading electrical conductivity instruments. General purpose eddy current instruments may also be used for electrical conductivity measurements but will not be addressed in this test method.
1.2 This test method is applicable to metals that have either a flat or slightly curved surface and includes metals with or without a thin nonconductive coating.
1.3 Eddy current determinations of electrical conductivity may be used in the sorting of metals with respect to variables such as type of alloy, aging, cold deformation, heat treatment, effects associated with non-uniform heating or overheating, and effects of corrosion. The usefulness of the examinations of these properties is dependent on the amount of electrical conductivity change caused by a change in the specific variable.
1.4 Electrical conductivity, when evaluated with eddy current instruments, is usually expressed as a percentage of the conductivity of the International Annealed Copper Standard (% IACS) or Siemens/meter (S/m). The conductivity of the Annealed Copper Standard is defined to be 0.58 × 108 S/m (100 % IACS) at 20°C.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1004 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the
1
Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversaprocedurefordeterminingthe
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic metals using the elec-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tromagnetic (eddy current) method. The procedure has been
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
written primarily for use with commercially available direct
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
reading electrical conductivity instruments. General purpose
eddy current instruments may also be used for electrical
2. Referenced Documents
conductivity measurements but will not be addressed in this
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
test method.
B193Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
1.2 This test method is applicable to metals that have either
Materials
a flat or slightly curved surface and includes metals with or
E10Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
without a thin nonconductive coating.
E18Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
1.3 Eddy current determinations of electrical conductivity
terials
may be used in the sorting of metals with respect to variables
E105Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
such as type of alloy, aging, cold deformation, heat treatment,
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
effects associated with non-uniform heating or overheating,
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
and effects of corrosion.The usefulness of the examinations of
Lot or Process
these properties is dependent on the amount of electrical
E140Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship
conductivity change caused by a change in the specific
Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell
variable.
Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Sclero-
scope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness
1.4 Electrical conductivity, when evaluated with eddy cur-
E543Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
rent instruments, is usually expressed as a percentage of the
Testing
conductivity of the International Annealed Copper Standard
E1251Test Method for Analysis of Aluminum and Alumi-
(%IACS) or Siemens/meter (S/m). The conductivity of the
8
num Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Annealed Copper Standard is defined to be 0.58 ×10 S/m
E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
(100%IACS) at 20°C.
E2371Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium
1.5 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
AlloysbyDirectCurrentPlasmaandInductivelyCoupled
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Based Test Methodology)
3
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2.2 ASNT Documents:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
cation and Certification In Nondestructive Testing
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Electromagnetic Method. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E1004-09. DOI: AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
10.1520/E1004-17. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 -----------------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1004 − 09 E1004 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the
1
Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) (Eddy Current) Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic metals using the
electromagnetic (eddy-current) (eddy current) method. The procedure has been written primarily for use with commercially
available direct reading electrical conductivity instruments. General purpose eddy-current eddy current instruments may also be
used for electrical conductivity measurements but will not be addressed in this test method.
1.2 This test method is applicable to metals that have either a flat or slightly curved surface and includes metals with or without
a thin nonconductive coating.
1.3 Eddy-current Eddy current determinations of electrical conductivity may be used in the sorting of metals with respect to
variables such as type of alloy, aging, cold deformation, heat treatment, effects associated with non-uniform heating or overheating,
and effects of corrosion. The usefulness of the examinations of these properties is dependent on the amount of electrical
conductivity change caused by a change in the specific variable.
1.4 Electrical conductivity, when evaluated with eddy-current eddy current instruments, is usually expressed as a percentage of
the conductivity of the International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS). (% IACS) or Siemens/meter (S/m). The conductivity of
8
the Annealed Copper Standard is defined to be 0.58 × 100.58 × 10 S/m (100 % IACS) (100 % IACS) at 20°C.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor Materials
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness,
Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Scleroscope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E1251 Test Method for Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on Electromagnetic
Method.
Current edition approved May 15, 2009June 1, 2017. Published June 2009June 2017. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20022009 as
E1004 - 02.E1004 - 09. DOI: 10.1520/E1004-09.10.1520/E1004-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1004 − 17
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E2371 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively Coupled Plasma
Atomic E
...
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