ASTM E1251-17a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The metallurgical properties of aluminum and its alloys are highly dependent on chemical composition. Precise and accurate analyses are essential to obtaining desired properties, meeting customer specifications, and helping to reduce scrap due to off-grade material.
5.2 This test method is applicable to chill cast specimens as defined in Practices E716 and can also be applied to other types of samples provided that suitable reference materials are available. Also, other sample forms can be melted and cast into a disk, using an appropriate mold, as described in Practices E716. However, it should be noted that some elements (for example, magnesium) readily form oxides, while some others (for example, sodium, lithium, calcium, and strontium) are volatile, and may be lost to varying degrees during the melting process.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the analysis of aluminum and its alloys by spark-atomic emission spectrometry (Spark-AES). The aluminum specimen to be analyzed may be in the form of a chill cast disk, casting, foil, sheet, plate, extrusion, or some other wrought form or shape. The elements covered in the scope of this method are listed in the table below.
Element
Tested Mass Fraction Range
(Wt %)
Antimony
0.001 to 0.003
Arsenic
0.001 to 0.006
Beryllium
0.0004 to 0.24
Bismuth
0.03 to 0.6
Boron
0.0006 to 0.009
Calcium
0.0002 to –
Chromium
0.001 to 0.23
Cobalt
0.4 to –
Copper
0.001 to 5.5
Gallium
0.02 to –
Iron
0.2 to 0.5
Lead
0.04 to 0.6
Lithium
0.0003 to 2.1
Magnesium
0.03 to 5.4
Manganese
0.001 to 1.2
Nickel
0.005 to 2.6
Phosphorus
0.003 to –
Silicon
0.07 to 16
Sodium
0.003 to 0.02
Strontium
0.03 to –
Tin
0.03 to –
Titanium
0.001 to 0.12
Vanadium
0.002 to 0.022
Zinc
0.002 to 5.7
Zirconium
0.001 to 0.12
Note 1: The mass fraction ranges given in the above scope were established through cooperative testing (ILS) of selected reference materials. The range shown for each element does not demonstrate the actual usable analytical range for that element. The usable analytical range may be extended higher or lower based on individual instrument capability, spectral characteristics of the specific element wavelength being used, and the availability of appropriate reference materials.
Note 2: Mercury (Hg) is intentionally not included in the scope. Analysis of Hg in aluminum by Spark-AES is not recommended. Accurate analysis of Hg using this technique is compromised by the presence of an intense iron interference. Inaccurate reporting of Hg due to these interference effects can jeopardize the current designation of aluminum production as a mercury-free process. To demonstrate compliance with legislated Hg content limits, use of an alternate method capable of analysis with a minimum reporting limit of 0.0001% or lower is recommended. Suitable techniques include but are not limited to GD-MS, XRF (X-ray fluorescence), cold vapor AA, and ICP-MS.
1.2 This test method is suitable primarily for the analysis of chill cast disks as defined in Practices E716. Other forms may be analyzed, provided that: (1) they are sufficiently massive to prevent undue heating, (2) they allow machining to provide a clean, flat surface, which creates a seal between the specimen and the spark stand, and (3) reference materials of a similar metallurgical condition and chemical composition are available.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety and health statements are given in Section 10.
1.4 This international stand...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1251 − 17a
Standard Test Method for
Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by Spark
1
Atomic Emission Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1251; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
AnalysisofHginaluminumbySpark-AESisnotrecommended.Accurate
1. Scope
analysis of Hg using this technique is compromised by the presence of an
1.1 Thistestmethoddescribestheanalysisofaluminumand
intense iron interference. Inaccurate reporting of Hg due to these inter-
itsalloysbyspark-atomicemissionspectrometry(Spark-AES). ference effects can jeopardize the current designation of aluminum
production as a mercury-free process. To demonstrate compliance with
The aluminum specimen to be analyzed may be in the form of
legislatedHgcontentlimits,useofanalternatemethodcapableofanalysis
a chill cast disk, casting, foil, sheet, plate, extrusion, or some
with a minimum reporting limit of 0.0001% or lower is recommended.
other wrought form or shape. The elements covered in the
Suitable techniques include but are not limited to GD-MS, XRF (X-ray
scope of this method are listed in the table below.
fluorescence), cold vapor AA, and ICP-MS.
Tested Mass Fraction Range
1.2 This test method is suitable primarily for the analysis of
Element
(Wt %)
chill cast disks as defined in Practices E716. Other forms may
Antimony 0.001 to 0.003
Arsenic 0.001 to 0.006 be analyzed, provided that: (1) they are sufficiently massive to
Beryllium 0.0004 to 0.24
prevent undue heating, (2) they allow machining to provide a
Bismuth 0.03 to 0.6
clean, flat surface, which creates a seal between the specimen
Boron 0.0006 to 0.009
Calcium 0.0002 to –
and the spark stand, and (3) reference materials of a similar
Chromium 0.001 to 0.23
metallurgical condition and chemical composition are avail-
Cobalt 0.4 to –
able.
Copper 0.001 to 5.5
Gallium 0.02 to –
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Iron 0.2 to 0.5
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Lead 0.04 to 0.6
Lithium 0.0003 to 2.1
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Magnesium 0.03 to 5.4
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Manganese 0.001 to 1.2
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Nickel 0.005 to 2.6
Phosphorus 0.003 to –
Specific safety and health statements are given in Section 10.
Silicon 0.07 to 16
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Sodium 0.003 to 0.02
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Strontium 0.03 to –
Tin 0.03to–
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Titanium 0.001 to 0.12
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Vanadium 0.002 to 0.022
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Zinc 0.002 to 5.7
Zirconium 0.001 to 0.12
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
NOTE 1—The mass fraction ranges given in the above scope were
2. Referenced Documents
established through cooperative testing (ILS) of selected reference mate-
rials. The range shown for each element does not demonstrate the actual
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
usable analytical range for that element. The usable analytical range may
B985Practice for SamplingAluminum Ingots, Billets, Cast-
be extended higher or lower based on individual instrument capability,
spectralcharacteristicsofthespecificelementwavelengthbeingused,and ings and Finished or Semi-Finished Wrought Aluminum
the availability of appropriate reference materials.
Products for Compositional Analysis
NOTE 2—Mercury (Hg) is intentionally not included in the scope.
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on
Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct
2
responsibility of Subcommittee E01.04 on Aluminum and Magnesium. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E1251–17. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1251-17A. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM Inte
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1251 − 17 E1251 − 17a
Standard Test Method for
Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by Spark
1
Atomic Emission Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1251; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the analysis of aluminum and its alloys by atomicspark-atomic emission spectrometry.
spectrometry (Spark-AES). The aluminum specimen to be analyzed may be in the form of a chill cast disk, casting, foil, sheet,
plate, extrusion, or some other wrought form or shape. The elements covered in the scope of this method are listed in the table
below.
Tested Concentration Mass Fraction
Element Range
(Wt %)
Antimony 0.001 to 0.003
Arsenic 0.001 to 0.006
Beryllium 0.0004 to 0.24
Bismuth 0.03 to 0.6
Boron 0.0006 to 0.009
Calcium 0.0002 to –
Chromium 0.001 to 0.23
Cobalt 0.4 to –
Copper 0.001 to 5.5
Gallium 0.02 to –
Iron 0.2 to 0.5
Lead 0.04 to 0.6
Lithium 0.0003 to 2.1
Magnesium 0.03 to 5.4
Manganese 0.001 to 1.2
Nickel 0.005 to 2.6
Phosphorus 0.003 to –
Silicon 0.07 to 16
Sodium 0.003 to 0.02
Strontium 0.03 to –
Tin 0.03 to –
Titanium 0.001 to 0.12
Vanadium 0.002 to 0.022
Zinc 0.002 to 5.7
Zirconium 0.001 to 0.12
NOTE 1—The concentration mass fraction ranges given in the above scope were established through cooperative testing (ILS) of selected reference
materials. The range shown for each element does not demonstrate the actual usable analytical range for that element. The usable analytical range may
be extended higher or lower based on individual instrument capability, spectral characteristics of the specific element wavelength being used, and the
availability of appropriate reference materials.
NOTE 2—Mercury (Hg) is intentionally not included in the scope. Analysis of Hg in aluminum by spark atomic emission spectrometry (Spark-AES)
Spark-AES is not recommended. Accurate analysis of Hg using this technique is compromised by the presence of an intense iron interference. Inaccurate
reporting of Hg due to these interference effects can jeopardize the current designation of aluminum production as a mercury-free process. To demonstrate
compliance with legislated Hg content limits, use of an alternate method capable of analysis with a minimum reporting limit of 0.0001% or lower is
recommended. Suitable techniques include but are not limited to glow discharge mass spectrometry, XRF, and cold vapor AA.GD-MS, XRF (X-ray
fluorescence), cold vapor AA, and ICP-MS.
1.2 This test method is suitable primarily for the analysis of chill cast disks as defined in Practices E716. Other forms may be
analyzed, provided that: (1) they are sufficiently massive to prevent undue heating, (2) they allow machining to provide a clean,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E01.04 on Aluminum and Magnesium.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2017Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20112017 as
E1251 – 11.E1251 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/E1251-17.10.1520/E1251-17A.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1251 − 17a
flat surface, which creates a seal between the specimen and the spark stand, and (3) reference materials of a similar metallurgical
condition and chemical composition are available.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety and health statements are given in Section 10.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
...
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