ASTM E1004-09
(Practice)Standard Test Method for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method
Standard Test Method for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Absolute probe coil methods, when used in conjunction with reference standards of known value, provide a means for determining the electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic materials.
Electrical conductivity of a sample can be used as a means of determining: (1) type of metal or alloy, (2) type of heat treatment (for aluminum this evaluation should be used in conjunction with a hardness examination), (3) aging of the alloy, (4) effects of corrosion, and (5) heat damage.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic metals using the electromagnetic (eddy-current) method. The procedure has been written primarily for use with commercially available direct reading electrical conductivity instruments. General purpose eddy-current instruments may also be used for electrical conductivity measurements but will not be addressed in this test method.
1.2 This test method is applicable to metals that have either a flat or slightly curved surface and includes metals with or without a thin nonconductive coating.
1.3 Eddy-current determinations of electrical conductivity may be used in the sorting of metals with respect to variables such as type of alloy, aging, cold deformation, heat treatment, effects associated with non-uniform heating or overheating, and effects of corrosion. The usefulness of the examinations of these properties is dependent on the amount of electrical conductivity change caused by a change in the specific variable.
1.4 Electrical conductivity, when evaluated with eddy-current instruments, is usually expressed as a percentage of the conductivity of the International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS). The conductivity of the Annealed Copper Standard is defined to be 0.58 × 108 S/m (100 % IACS) at 20°C.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E1004 − 09
Standard Test Method for
Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the
1
Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversaprocedurefordeterminingthe
B193Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic metals using the elec-
Materials
tromagnetic (eddy-current) method. The procedure has been
E105Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
written primarily for use with commercially available direct
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
reading electrical conductivity instruments. General purpose
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
eddy-current instruments may also be used for electrical
Lot or Process
conductivity measurements but will not be addressed in this
E543Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
test method.
Testing
1.2 This test method is applicable to metals that have either
E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
a flat or slightly curved surface and includes metals with or
2.2 ASNT Documents:
without a thin nonconductive coating.
Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1Afor Personnel Qualifi-
3
cation and Certification In Nondestructive Testing
1.3 Eddy-current determinations of electrical conductivity
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
may be used in the sorting of metals with respect to variables
3
cation of NDT Personnel
such as type of alloy, aging, cold deformation, heat treatment,
2.3 AIA Document:
effects associated with non-uniform heating or overheating,
NAS–410Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
and effects of corrosion.The usefulness of the examinations of
4
Testing Personnel
these properties is dependent on the amount of electrical
conductivity change caused by a change in the specific
3. Terminology
variable.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms relating to eddy-
current examination are given in Terminology E1316.
1.4 Electrical conductivity, when evaluated with eddy-
currentinstruments,isusuallyexpressedasapercentageofthe
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
conductivity of the International Annealed Copper Standard
3.2.1 temperature coeffıcient—the fractional or percentage
(IACS). The conductivity of theAnnealed Copper Standard is
change in electrical conductivity per degree Celsius change in
8
defined to be 0.58×10 S/m (100% IACS) at 20°C.
temperature.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
4. Significance and Use
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Absolute probe coil methods, when used in conjunction
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the with reference standards of known value, provide a means for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
determining the electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic mate-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- rials.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on the ASTM website.
3
Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
Electromagnetic Method. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
Current edition approved May 15, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E1004-02. DOI: WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
10.1520/E1004-09.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1004 − 09
4.2 Electrical conductivity of a sample can be used as a 7. Variables Influencing Accuracy
means of determining: (1) type of metal or alloy, (2) type of
7.1 Consider the influence of the following variables to
heat treatment (for aluminum this evaluation should be us
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1004–02
Standard Practice for Designation: E 1004 – 09
Standard Test Method for
Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the
1
Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice test method covers a procedure for determining the electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic metals using the
electromagnetic (eddy-current) method. The procedure has been written primarily for use with commercially available direct
reading electrical conductivity instruments. General purpose eddy-current instruments may also be used for electrical conductivity
measurements but will not be addressed in this practice. test method.
1.2 This practicetest method is applicable to metals that have either a flat or slightly curved surface and includes metals with
or without a thin nonconductive coating.
1.3 Eddy-current determinations of electrical conductivity may be used in the sorting of metals with respect to variables such
as type of alloy, aging, cold deformation, heat treatment, effects associated with non-uniform heating or overheating, and effects
of corrosion. The usefulness of the examinations of these properties is dependent on the amount of electrical conductivity change
caused by a change in the specific variable.
1.4 Electrical conductivity, when evaluated with eddy-current instruments, is usually expressed as a percentage of the
conductivity of the InternationalAnnealed Copper Standard (IACS).The conductivity of theAnnealed Copper Standard is defined
8
to be 0.58 3 10 S/m (100 % IACS) at 20°C.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B 193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor Materials
E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling ofOf Materials
E 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, with a With Specified Tolerable Error, Precision, the Average for a
Characteristic of a Lot or Process
E 543 PracticeSpecification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
2.2 ASNT Documents:
3
Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A for Personnel Qualification and Certification In Nondestructive Testing
3
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
2.3 AIA Document:
1
This practice test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on
Electromagnetic Method.
Current edition approved July 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originally published as E1004–91. Last previous edition E1004–99.
Current edition approved May 15, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E 1004 - 02.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 02.03.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1004–09
4
NAS–410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions— Definitions of terms relating to eddy-current examination are given in Terminology E 1316.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 temperature coeffıcient—the fractional or percentage change in electrical conductivity per degree Celsius change in
temperature.
4. Significance and Use
4.1
...
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