ASTM D6469-04
(Guide)Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide provides information addressing the conditions that lead to fuel microbial contamination and biodegradation and the general characteristics of and strategies for controlling microbial contamination. It compliments and amplifies information provided in Practice D 4418 on handling gas-turbine fuels. More detailed information may be found in the IP Guidelines and in ASTM Manual 47.
This guide focuses on microbial contamination in refined petroleum products and product handling systems. Uncontrolled microbial contamination in fuels and fuel systems remains a largely unrecognized but costly problem at all stages of the petroleum industry from crude oil production through fleet operations and consumer use. This guide introduces the fundamental concepts of fuel microbiology and biodeterioration control.
This guide provides personnel who are responsible for fuel and fuel system stewardship with the background necessary to make informed decisions regarding the possible economic or safety, or both, impact of microbial contamination in their products or systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides personnel who have a limited microbiological background with an understanding of the symptoms, occurrence, and consequences of chronic microbial contamination. The guide also suggests means for detection and control of microbial contamination in fuels and fuel systems. This guide applies primarily to gasoline, aviation, boiler, industrial gas turbine, diesel, marine, and furnace fuels (see Specifications D 396, D 910, D 975, D 1655, D 2069, D 2880, D 3699, D 4814, and D 6227) and fuel systems. However, the principles discussed herein also apply generally to crude oil and all liquid petroleum fuels. ASTM Manual 47 provides a more detailed treatment of the concepts introduced in this guide; it also provides a compilation of all of the standards referenced herein that are not found in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section Five on Petroleum Products and Lubricants.
1.2 This guide is not a compilation of all of the concepts and terminology used by microbiologists, but it does provide a general understanding of microbial fuel contamination.
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 6469 – 04
Standard Guide for
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Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6469; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
1.1 This guide provides personnel who have a limited
ity)
microbiological background with an understanding of the
4
D 515 Test Methods for Phosphorus in Water
symptoms, occurrence, and consequences of chronic microbial
D 664 TestMethodforAcidNumberofPetroleumProducts
contamination. The guide also suggests means for detection
by Potentiometric Titration
and control of microbial contamination in fuels and fuel
D 888 Test Methods for Dissolved Oxygen in Water
systems. This guide applies primarily to gasoline, aviation,
D 910 Specification for Aviation Gasolines
boiler, industrial gas turbine, diesel, marine, and furnace fuels
D 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
(see Specifications D 396, D 910, D 975, D 1655, D 2069,
Indicator Titration
D 2880, D 3699, D 4814, and D 6227) and fuel systems.
D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
However, the principles discussed herein also apply generally
2 D 1067 Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
to crude oil and all liquid petroleum fuels.ASTM Manual 47
D 1126 Test Method for Hardness in Water
provides a more detailed treatment of the concepts introduced
D 1293 Test Methods of pH of Water
in this guide; it also provides a compilation of all of the
D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
standards referenced herein that are not found in the Annual
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
Book of ASTM Standards, Section Five on Petroleum Products
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
and Lubricants.
D 1331 Test Methods for Surface and Interfacial Tension of
1.2 Thisguideisnotacompilationofalloftheconceptsand
Solutions of Surface-Active Agents
terminology used by microbiologists, but it does provide a
D 1426 Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen in Water
general understanding of microbial fuel contamination.
D 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
1.3 ThevaluesinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.
D 1744 Test Method for Water in Liquid Petroleum Prod-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
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ucts by Karl Fischer Reagent
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D 1976 Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D 2068 Test Method for Filter Blocking Tendency of Dis-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tillate Fuel Oils
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2. Referenced Documents
D 2069 Specification for Marine Fuels
3
D 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
D 130 TestMethodforDetectionofCopperCorrosionfrom
D 2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Avia-
Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
tion Fuel by Line Sampling
D 396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
D 3240 Test Method for Undissolved Water in Aviation
Turbine Fuels
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D 3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Aviation Turbine Fuels (JFTOT Procedure)
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
D 3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 6469–99.
D 3325 Practice for Preservation of Waterborne Oil
2
MNL 47, Fuel and Fuel System Microbiology: Fundamentals, Diagnosis, and
Samples
Contamination Control, Passman, F. J., ed., ASTM International, 2003.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
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the ASTM website. Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D6469–04
D 3326 Practice for Preparation of Samples for Identifica- Filtration and Culture Method
tion of
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