ASTM E2618-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Particulate Emissions and Heating Efficiency of Outdoor Solid Fuel-Fired Hydronic Heating Appliances
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Particulate Emissions and Heating Efficiency of Outdoor Solid Fuel-Fired Hydronic Heating Appliances
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The measurement of particulate matter emission rates is an important test method widely used in the practice of air pollution control.
These measurements, when approved by federal or state agencies, are often required for the purpose of determining compliance with regulations and statutes.
The measurements made before and after design modifications are necessary to demonstrate the effectiveness of design changes in reducing emissions and make this standard an important tool in manufacturer’s research and development programs.
Measurement of heating efficiency provides a uniform basis for comparison of product performance that is useful to the consumer. It is also required to relate emissions produced to the useful heat production.
This is a laboratory method and is not intended to be fully representative of all actual field use. It is recognized that users of hand-fired wood burning equipment have a great deal of influence over the performance of any wood-burning appliance. Some compromises in realism have been made in the interest of providing a reliable and repeatable test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method applies to wood-fired or automatically fed biomass burning hydronic heating appliances, which the manufacturer specifies for outdoor installation or in structures not normally occupied by humans. These appliances transfer heat to the indoor environment through circulation of a liquid heat exchange media such as water or a water-antifreeze mixture.
1.2 The test method simulates hand loading of seasoned cordwood or fueling with a specified biomass fuel and measures particulate emissions and delivered heating efficiency at specified heat output rates based on the appliance’s rated heating capacity.
1.3 Particulate emissions are measured by the dilution tunnel method as specified in Test Method E 2515. Delivered Efficiency is measured by determining the heat output through measurement of the flow rate and temperature change of water circulated through a heat exchanger external to the appliance and determining the input from the mass of dry fuel and its higher heating value. Delivered efficiency does not attempt to account for pipeline loss.
1.4 Products covered by this test method include both pressurized and non-pressurized heating appliances intended to be fired with wood or automatically fed biomass fuels. These products are hydronic heating appliances which the manufacturer specifies for outdoor installation or in structures not normally occupied by humans. They are often connected to an indoor heat exchanger by insulated pipes buried in the ground and normally include a pump to circulate heated liquid. They are used to heat structures such as homes, barns, and greenhouses and can heat domestic hot water, spas, or swimming pools.
1.5 Distinguishing features of products covered by this standard include:
1.5.1 Manufacturers specify outdoor installation or installation in structures not normally occupied by humans.
1.5.2 A firebox with an access door for hand loading of fuel or a hopper and automated feed system for delivery of particulate fuel such as wood pellets or solid biomass fuel to a burn pot or combustion chamber.
1.5.3 Typically a thermostatic control device that controls combustion air supply or fuel delivery, or both, to maintain the liquid in the appliance within a predetermined temperature range provided sufficient fuel is available in the firebox or hopper.
1.5.4 A chimney or vent that exhausts combustion products from the appliance.
1.6 The values stated are to be regarded as the standard whether in inch-pound or SI units. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitatio...
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Designation:E2618–08
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Particulate Emissions and Heating
Efficiency of Outdoor Solid Fuel-Fired Hydronic Heating
1
Appliances
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2618; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5.2 Afirebox with an access door for hand loading of fuel
or a hopper and automated feed system for delivery of
1.1 This test method applies to wood-fired or automatically
particulate fuel such as wood pellets or solid biomass fuel to a
fed biomass burning hydronic heating appliances, which the
burn pot or combustion chamber.
manufacturer specifies for outdoor installation or in structures
1.5.3 Typically a thermostatic control device that controls
not normally occupied by humans. These appliances transfer
combustion air supply or fuel delivery, or both, to maintain the
heat to the indoor environment through circulation of a liquid
liquid in the appliance within a predetermined temperature
heat exchange media such as water or a water-antifreeze
range provided sufficient fuel is available in the firebox or
mixture.
hopper.
1.2 The test method simulates hand loading of seasoned
1.5.4 A chimney or vent that exhausts combustion products
cordwood or fueling with a specified biomass fuel and mea-
from the appliance.
sures particulate emissions and delivered heating efficiency at
1.6 The values stated are to be regarded as the standard
specified heat output rates based on the appliance’s rated
whether in inch-pound or SI units. The values given in
heating capacity.
parentheses are for information only.
1.3 Particulate emissions are measured by the dilution
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tunnel method as specified in Test Method E 2515. Delivered
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Efficiency is measured by determining the heat output through
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
measurement of the flow rate and temperature change of water
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
circulated through a heat exchanger external to the appliance
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and determining the input from the mass of dry fuel and its
higher heating value. Delivered efficiency does not attempt to
2. Referenced Documents
account for pipeline loss.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.4 Products covered by this test method include both
D 4442 TestMethodsforDirectMoistureContentMeasure-
pressurized and non-pressurized heating appliances intended to
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
be fired with wood or automatically fed biomass fuels. These
E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions
products are hydronic heating appliances which the manufac-
E711 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Refuse-
turer specifies for outdoor installation or in structures not
Derived Fuel by the Bomb Calorimeter
normally occupied by humans. They are often connected to an
E 2515 TestMethodforDeterminationofParticulateMatter
indoor heat exchanger by insulated pipes buried in the ground
Emissions Collected by a Dilution Tunnel
and normally include a pump to circulate heated liquid. They
are used to heat structures such as homes, barns, and green-
3. Terminology
houses and can heat domestic hot water, spas, or swimming
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
pools.
nology E 631, unless otherwise indicated.
1.5 Distinguishing features of products covered by this
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard include:
3.2.1 burn rate—the rate at which test fuel is consumed in
1.5.1 Manufacturers specify outdoor installation or installa-
an appliance measured in kilograms or pounds of fuel (dry
tion in structures not normally occupied by humans.
basis) per hour (kg/h).
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.54 contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
on Solid Fuel Burning Appliances. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published August 2008. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E2618–08
3.2.2 delivered effıciency—the percentage of heat available indoor thermostat cycling on and off in response to
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