ASTM D288-61(1978)

Definitions of Terms Relating to Petroleum (Withdrawn 1980)

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

Standards Content (Sample)

AMERICAN NATIONAL ANSI/ ASTM D 288 - 61 (Reapproved 1978)
STANDARD
Standard Definitions of Terms Relating to
1
PETROLEUM
This S1undard ,. issued under lhe fixed dc~1i:na11on D 288: 1hc number immediu1ely followini: lhe deS•f na11on ind1ca1es lhc
ycJr or original udoption or. m lhe case of rev1s1on. the )Car or lasl revision. I\ number in parenlhe~e., 1ndi~"lllC> 1he year or
las1 rcariprovul.
I n case of a dispute re•ordln ll t he term s here defined, the definitions contained in th is stan dard are ta be
used In their entirety, all notes and supplementary comments belnst considered 01 part of the defin ition .
asphalt-black to dark-brown solid or semi­ leum distillate similar to naphtha, but often
solid cementitious material which gradually
or higher distillation range.
liquefies when heated, in which the predom­ extraction naphtha-naphtha suitable for ex­
inating constituents are bitumens, all of traction purposes.
which occur in the solid or semisolid form
Non-Specifications for cxlraclion naphtha
in nature or are obtained by refining petro­
appear in ASTM Method D 1155. Analysis or
leum, or which are combinations of the bi­
1
Oil-Soluble Sodium Petroleum Sulfonates.
tumens mentioned with each other or with
petroleum or derivatives therec;if.
fuel oil-any liquid or liquefiable petroleum
beftzine-this term is archaic and misleading
product burned for the generation of heal
and should not be used.
in a furnace or firebox, or for the genera­
Non -The lcrm "petroleum bcnzin" has
tion or power in an engine, exclusive of oils
appeared in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for man}
with a nash point below 100 F (38 C), tag
years designating u relined light naphtha used for
extraction purposes. This term should onl} be
closed tester, and oils burned in cotton or
used for material meeting lhe U.S. Pharmaco­
woolwick burners. Fuel oils in common use
poeia spccifica1ions. The term "benzm" should
fall into one of four classes:
never be used without the prefix ·•pel role um."
(/) residual fuel oils, which are topped
crude petroleum-a natural(} occurring mix­
crude petroleums or viscous residuums ob­
ture, consisting predominantly of hydrocar­
tained in refinery operations;
bons, or of sulfur or both, nitrogen or ox­
(2) distillate fuel oils, which are distillates
ygen derivatives of hydrocarbons or both,
derived directly or indirectl> from crude
which is removed from the earth in liquid
petroleum;
stale or is capable of being so removed.
(3) crude petroleums and weathered
Non -Crude petroleum is commonly accom­
crude petroleums of relatively low commer­
panied by var} ing quanhlies of extraneous sub­
cial value; and
stances such as waler. inorganic muller. and gas.
The removal of such cxlrJneous substances alone (4) blended fuels, which arc mixtures or
docs nol change the status of the mixture as
two or more of the three preceding classes.
crude petroleum. If such removal appreciably
gas oil-a liquid petroleum distillate having a
affects lhc compo~it1on or lhc oil mixture. than
lhc rcsulling product is no longcr crude petro­
leum.
crude shale oil-oil obtained as a distillate by 'Thcs.: defin11ions arc und.:r lhe jurisdic11on or /\STM
Commillcc D-2 on Pc1rol.:um Pmducl> :ind I uhn.: 1111\.
the destructive distillation or oil-shale.
Cum:nt •-dllion effective Scpl. IK. 1%1. Oru 1nJll\ .-.
cymogene-lhis term is archaic and should sued 19211. Replaces D 211K 57.
In 1961 . dclini1ions for p,.,,,,,,.,,,,, Wu.~ ;inJ /'1•1r11/u111111
not be used.
were added.
engine distillate-refined or unrefined pelro- ' Ann"a/ 8 110A oj ASTM Stu111/urtf.r. Pan H
190

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0 288
viscosity intermediate between that of kero­
95 percent of which distills below 464 F (240
~ine and lubricating oil.
C). when subjected lo distillation in accord­
ance with ASTM Method D 86, Test for Dis­
Non-It should be understood that oils.
2
other than !;las oil as defined above. ma} be and
tillation of Petroleum Products.
an: used in the manufacture of gas.
Non- The "naphthas" used for specific pur­
poses such us cleaning, manufacture of rubber.
gasoline-a refined petroleum naphtha which.
manufacture of puinl' and vami, hes. etc . arc
by its composition. is suitable for use as a
made to conform lo specifications which ma)
carburant in internal combustion engines.
require products of considerably grc:aler vola111it}
than that sci by the limiL~ of lhis generic defini­
kerosioe-A relined petroleum distillate suit­
tion.
able for use as an illuminant when burned
in a wick lamp.
petroleum spirits (mineral splrlts)-rcfinc:d
petroleum di:>tillate with volatility, nash
Non- The nash point may not be below 73 F
(23 C), as determined by the Abel Tester (which
point, and other properties, making it suit­
is approximately equ1valcnl lo 73 F (23 C) .is
able as a thinner. and solvent in paints. vJr­
determined by the T Jg Closed Tester, ASTM
nishcs, an
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