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ASTM E2864-18(2022)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Surface Area Concentration in Inhalation Exposure Chambers using Krypton Gas Adsorption

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Surface Area Concentration in Inhalation Exposure Chambers using Krypton Gas Adsorption

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A tiered strategy for characterization of nanoparticle properties is necessary to draw meaningful conclusions concerning dose-response relationships observed during inhalation toxicology experiments. This tiered strategy includes characterization of nanoparticles as produced (that is, measured as the bulk material sold by the supplier) and as administered (that is, measured at the point of delivery to a test subject) (Oberdorster et al. (6)).  
5.2 Test Methods B922 and C1274 and ISO 9277 and ISO 18757 exist for determination of the as produced surface area of bulk metal and metal oxide powders. During the delivery of nanoparticles in inhalation exposure chambers, the material properties may undergo change and therefore have properties that differ from the material as produced. This test method describes the determination of the as administered surface area of airborne metal oxide nanoparticles in inhalation exposure chambers for inhalation toxicology studies.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of surface area of airborne metal oxide nanoparticles in inhalation exposure chambers for inhalation toxicology studies. Surface area may be measured by gas adsorption methods using adsorbates such as nitrogen, krypton, and argon (Brunauer et al. (1),2 Anderson (2), Gregg and Sing (3)) or by ion attachment and mobility-based methods (Ku and Maynard (4)). This test method is specific to the measurement of surface area by gas adsorption by krypton gas adsorption. The test method permits the use of any modern commercial krypton adsorption instruments but strictly defines the sample collection, outgassing, and analysis procedures for metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Use of krypton is required due to the low overall surface area of particle-laden samples and the need to accurately measure the background surface area of the filter used for sample collection. Instrument-reported values of surface area based on the multipoint Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) equation (Brunauer et al. (1), Anderson (2), Gregg and Sing (3)) are used to calculate surface area of airborne nanoparticles collected on a filter.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. State all numerical values in terms of SI units unless specific instrumentation software reports surface area using alternate units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Nov-2022
ICS
07.120 - Nanotechnologies
49.025.05 - Ferrous alloys in general
Technical Committee
E56 - Nanotechnology
Drafting Committee
E56.02 - Physical and Chemical Characterization
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM C1274-12(2020) - Standard Test Method for Advanced Ceramic Specific Surface Area by Physical Adsorption
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020

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ASTM E2864-18(2022) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Surface Area Concentration in Inhalation Exposure Chambers using Krypton Gas AdsorptionASTM E2864-18(2022) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Surface Area Concentration in Inhalation Exposure Chambers using Krypton Gas Adsorption
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ASTM E2864-18(2022) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Surface Area Concentration in Inhalation Exposure Chambers using Krypton Gas Adsorption
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2864 − 18 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Airborne Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Surface
Area Concentration in Inhalation Exposure Chambers using
1
Krypton Gas Adsorption
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2864; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversdeterminationofsurfaceareaof
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
airborne metal oxide nanoparticles in inhalation exposure
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
chambers for inhalation toxicology studies. Surface area may
be measured by gas adsorption methods using adsorbates such
2
2. Referenced Documents
as nitrogen, krypton, and argon (Brunauer et al. (1), Anderson
3
(2), Gregg and Sing (3)) or by ion attachment and mobility- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
based methods (Ku and Maynard (4)). This test method is B922Test Method for Metal Powder Specific Surface Area
specific to the measurement of surface area by gas adsorption by Physical Adsorption
by krypton gas adsorption. The test method permits the use of C1274Test Method forAdvanced Ceramic Specific Surface
any modern commercial krypton adsorption instruments but Area by Physical Adsorption
strictly defines the sample collection, outgassing, and analysis E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
procedures for metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Use of Determine the Precision of a Test Method
krypton is required due to the low overall surface area of E2456Terminology Relating to Nanotechnology
4
particle-laden samples and the need to accurately measure the
2.2 ISO Standards:
background surface area of the filter used for sample collec-
ISO 9277Determination of the Specific Surface Area of
tion. Instrument-reported values of surface area based on the
Solids by Gas Adsorption using the BET Method
multipoint Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) equation
ISO 18757Fine Ceramics (Advanced Ceramics, Advanced
(Brunaueretal. (1),Anderson (2),GreggandSing (3))areused
Technical Ceramics)—Determination of Specific surface
to calculate surface area of airborne nanoparticles collected on
Area of Ceramic Powders by Gas Adsorption using the
a filter.
BET Method
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 3. Terminology
standard. State all numerical values in terms of SI units unless
3.1 Definitions—For additional definitions related to
specific instrumentation software reports surface area using
nanotechnology, see Terminology E2456.
alternate units.
3.1.1 nanoparticles, n—in nanotechnology, a sub-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
classification of ultrafine particle with lengths in two or three
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
dimensions greater than 0.001 micrometre (1 nanometre) and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
smallerthanabout0.1micrometre(100nanometres)andwhich
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
may or may not exhibit a size-related intensive property.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E2456
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.2 adsorbate, n—material that has been retained by the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
process of adsorption. B922
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E56 on
Nanotechnology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E56.02 on
3
Physical and Chemical Characterization. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as E2864 – 18. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E2864-18R22. the ASTM website.
4
2
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
this standard. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Regulatory Requirements—The USA Code of Federal Regulations (10CFR Part 50, Appendix H) requires the implementation of a reactor vessel materials surveillance program for all operating LWRs. Other countries have similar regulations. The purpose of the program is to (1) monitor changes in the fracture toughness properties of ferritic materials in the reactor vessel beltline6 resulting from exposure to neutron irradiation and the thermal environment, and (2) make use of the data obtained from surveillance programs to determine the conditions under which the vessel can be operated with adequate margins of safety throughout its service life. Practice E185, derived mechanical property data, and (r, θ, z) physics-dosimetry data (derived from the calculations and reactor cavity and surveillance capsule measurements (1) using physics-dosimetry standards) can be used together with information in Guide E900 and Refs. 4, 11-18 to provide a relation between property degradation and neutron exposure, commonly called a “trend curve.” To obtain this trend curve at all points in the pressure vessel wall requires that the selected trend curve be used together with the appropriate (r, θ, z) neutron field information derived by use of this guide to accomplish the necessary interpolations and extrapolations in space and time.  
4.2 Neutron Field Characterization—The tasks required to satisfy the second part of the objective of 4.1 are complex and are summarized in Practice E853. In doing this, it is necessary to describe the neutron field at selected (r, θ, z) points within the pressure vessel wall. The description can be either time dependent or time averaged over the reactor service period of interest. This description can best be obtained by combining neutron transport calculations with plant measurements such as reactor cavity (ex-vessel) and surveillance capsule or RPV cladding (in-vessel) measurements, benchmark irradiations of dosimeter sensor materials, and knowledge of th...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the means and frequency of monitoring the neutron exposure of the LWR reactor pressure vessel throughout its operating life.  
1.2 The physics-dosimetry relationships determined from this guide may be used to estimate reactor pressure vessel damage through the application of Practice E693 and Guide E900, using fast neutron fluence (E > 1.0 MeV and E > 0.1 MeV), displacements per atom (dpa), or damage-function-correlated exposure parameters as independent exposure variables. Supporting the application of these standards are the E853, E944, E1005, and E1018 standards, identified in 2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    12 pages
    English language
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  • Guide
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off