ASTM E186-98(2004)e1
(Specification)Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ½ in. [51 to 114-mm]) Steel Castings
Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ½ in. [51 to 114-mm]) Steel Castings
SCOPE
1.1 These reference radiographs for heavy-walled steel castings are applicable to nominal section thicknesses of 2 to 4 ½ in. [51 to 114 mm] and consists of three separate sets as follows:
1.1.1 Volume 1: 1-MV X Rays and Iridium 192 (called "1 to 2-Mev X rays" in previous editions)-Set of 28 plates (5 by 8 in. [127 by 203 mm] in a 15 by 17 in. [381 by 432 mm] ring binder).
1.1.2 Volume 2: 2-MV X Rays and Cobalt-60 (called "gamma rays" in previous editions). This includes cobalt-60 or equivalent isotope radiation and from 2-MV up to 4-MV X rays- Set of 28 plates (5 by 8 in.) in a 15 by 17 in. ring binder.
1.1.3 Volume 3: 4-MV to 30-MV X rays (called "10 to 24 Mev X rays" in previous editions)- Set of 28 plates (5 by 8 in.) in a 15 by 17 in. ring binder.
1.1.4 Each set consists of three categories of graded discontinuities in increasing severity levels, and three categories of ungraded discontinuities furnished as examples only, as follows:Category A
Gas porosity; severity levels 1 through 5.Category B
Sand and slag inclusions; severity levels 1 through 5.Category C
Shrinkage; three types:
(1) Type 1- Severity levels 1 through 5.
(2) Type 2- Severity levels 1 through 5.
(3) Type 3- Severity levels 1 through 5.Category D
Crack; one illustration D3 in pre-1972 documents.Category E
Hot tear; one illustration in pre-1972 documents.Category F
Insert; one illustration EB3 in pre-1972 documents.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: E186 – 98 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Reference Radiographs for
Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ⁄2-in. [51 to 114-mm]) Steel Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E186; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
´ NOTE—Editorial changes made throughout in January 2004.
1. Scope 1.1.4.5 Category E—Hot tear; one illustration in pre-1972
2 documents.
1.1 These reference radiographs for heavy-walled steel
1.1.4.6 Category F—Insert; one illustration EB3 in pre-
castings are applicable to nominal section thicknesses of 2 to
1972 documents.
4 ⁄2 in. [51 to 114 mm] and consists of three separate sets as
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
follows:
as the standard.
1.1.1 Volume 1: 1–MV X Rays and Iridium 192 (called “1
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to 2–Mev X rays” in previous editions)-Set of 28 plates (5 by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
8 in. [127 by 203 mm] in a 15 by 17 in. [381 by 432 mm] ring
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
binder).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1.2 Volume 2: 2–MV X Rays and Cobalt-60 (called
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
“gamma rays” in previous editions). This includes cobalt-60 or
equivalent isotope radiation and from 2–MV up to 4–MV X
2. Referenced Documents
rays- Set of 28 plates (5 by 8 in.) in a 15 by 17 in. ring binder.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.3 Volume 3: 4–MV to 30–MV X rays (called “10 to 24
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
Mev X rays” in previous editions)- Set of 28 plates (5 by 8 in.)
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
in a 15 by 17 in. ring binder.
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
1.1.4 Each set consists of three categories of graded discon-
ReferenceRadiographsforHeavy-Walled(2to4 ⁄2-in.[51to
tinuities in increasing severity levels, and three categories of
114-mm]) Steel Castings:
ungraded discontinuities furnished as examples only, as fol-
Volume I, 1-MV X Rays and Iridium-192
lows:
Volume II, 2-MV X Rays and Cobalt-60
1.1.4.1 Category A—Gas porosity; severity levels 1 through
Volume III, 4-MV to 30-MV X Rays
5.
1.1.4.2 Category B—Sand and slag inclusions; severity
3. Terminology
levels 1 through 5.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this docu-
1.1.4.3 Category C—Shrinkage; three types:
ment, see Terminology E1316, Section D.
(1) Type 1— Severity levels 1 through 5.
(2) Type 2— Severity levels 1 through 5.
4. Significance and Use
(3) Type 3— Severity levels 1 through 5.
4.1 These reference radiographs are reproductions of origi-
1.1.4.4 Category D—Crack; one illustration D3 in pre-1972
nalradiographsandaresuppliedasameansforestablishingthe
documents.
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These reference radiographs are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
E07.02 on Reference Radiographs. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved January 1, 2004. Published February 2004. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E186 - 98. DOI: Available from ASTM Headquarters.
10.1520/E0186-98R04E01. Order RRE018601.
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ForASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Reference Order RRE018602.
Radiographs SE 186 in Section V of that Code. Order RRE018603.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E186 – 98 (2004)
categories and severity levels of discontinuities in steel cast- 8. Procedure for Evaluation
ings that may be revealed by radiographic examination. They
8.1 Compare the production radiographs of the casting
may be used in accordance with contractual specifications.
submitted for evaluation with the reference radiographs of
4.2 Radiographs for evaluation are to be compared with
similar thickness that were exposed at an equivalent energy
thesereferenceradiographsforclassificationonthebasisofthe
range.
category and severity level of the discontinuity.
8.2 When the severity level of discontinuities in the produc-
4.3 The use of this document is not intended to restricted to
tion radiograph being evaluated is equal to or better than the
the specific energy level or to the absolute thickness limits that
severity level in the specified reference radiograph, that part of
are contained in the document title. The title is intended to be
the casting represented by the production radiograph shall be
descriptive and not restrictive. The document may be used
acceptable. If the production radiograph shows discontinuities
where there is no other applicable document, for other energy
of greater severity than the reference radiograph, that part of
levels or thicknesses, or both, for which it is found to be
the casting shall be rejected.
applicable and for which agreement has been reached between
8.3 An area of like size to the reference radiograph shall be
purchaser and manufacturer.
the unit area by which the production radiograph is evaluated,
and any such area or any area that shares a discontinuity with
5. Method of Preparation
an adjacent film area shall meet the requirements as defined for
acceptability. When the area of interest of a production
5.1 The original radiographs used to prepare the accompa-
nying reference radiographs were produced on high contrast, radiograph is less than the unit area, such area of interest shall
be prorated to the reference radiographic area.
fine grain film by the respective use of radiation energies stated
in 1.1.1 to 1.1.3. The radiographs were made with a penetram-
8.4 When two or more categories of discontinuity are
eter sensitivity as determined by ASTM penetrameters (see
...
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