ASTM D7862-21

Standard Specification for Butanol for Blending with Gasoline for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

ABSTRACT
This specification covers butanol intended to be blended with gasoline at 1 to 12.5 volume % for use as an automotive spark-ignition engine fuel. It addresses performance requirements, workmanship, sampling, containers, sample handling, and test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers butanol intended to be blended with gasoline at 1 % to 12.5 % by volume for use as an automotive spark-ignition engine fuel.  
1.1.1 Butanol contains 22 % by mass oxygen. The mass percent of oxygen of a butanol blend with gasoline depends on the volume percent of butanol blended, the density of the butanol isomer, and the density of the base blendstock.  
1.1.2 The maximum limit on blending is not a performance limit but a current regulatory limit in the United States.  
1.2 This specification covers three butanol isomers: 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and 2-methyl-1-propanol. This specification specifically excludes 2-methyl-2-propanol (that is, tert-butyl alcohol).  
1.2.1 Tert-butyl alcohol has different physical properties (melting point, water miscibility) than the other three isomers.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2021
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.A0 - Gasoline and Oxygenated Fuels

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E1064-24 - Standard Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM D4814-24 - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM E203-24 - Standard Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM D4175-23a - Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM D6299-23a - Standard Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System Performance
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM D4814-23a - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM D4175-23e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2023
• Refers: ASTM D4814-20 - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2020
• Refers: ASTM D4814-19a - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM D5453-19a - Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Refers: ASTM D7923-19 - Standard Test Method for Water in Ethanol and Hydrocarbon Blends by Karl Fischer Titration
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2019
• Refers: ASTM D4814-18c - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018
• Refers: ASTM D4814-18a - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2018
• Refers: ASTM D4814-18 - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2018
• Refers: ASTM D6299-17b - Standard Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System Performance
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2017

Overview

ASTM D7862-21: Standard Specification for Butanol for Blending with Gasoline for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel defines quality and performance requirements for butanol intended to be blended with gasoline in concentrations ranging from 1% to 12.5% by volume. Developed by ASTM International, this specification supports the use of butanol as an oxygenated fuel additive to enhance combustion in spark-ignition engines. The standard addresses property limits, sampling, container selection, and test methodology to ensure consistent quality and reliable performance of butanol-gasoline blends.

Key Topics

• Butanol Isomers Covered: The standard applies to three specific butanol isomers: 1-butanol (n-butanol), 2-butanol (sec-butanol), and 2-methyl-1-propanol (isobutanol). Tert-butyl alcohol (2-methyl-2-propanol) is not included due to its different properties.
• Blending Ratios and Oxygen Content: Blends of butanol in gasoline from 1% to 12.5% by volume introduce up to 22% oxygen by mass, improving combustion and reducing emissions.
• Purity and Contaminant Limits: The specification establishes minimum butanol purity (94% by volume), with strict limits on impurities such as water, methanol, ethanol, acidity, inorganic chloride, gum, sulfate, and sulfur content.
• Visual Quality Requirements: At the point of transfer, butanol must be clear, bright, and free from undissolved materials or sediment, ensuring no negative impact during fuel storage and use.
• Sampling and Handling: Proper sampling, container selection, and handling are critical to prevent sample contamination that could affect downstream performance or test results.
• Test Methods: Multiple ASTM test methods are referenced for verifying chemical and physical properties, including methods for analysis of water content, acidity, sulfur, gum, and alcohol content.

Applications

• Automotive Fuel Blending: Butanol meeting ASTM D7862-21 is blended with gasoline for use in spark-ignition (SI) engine vehicles, enhancing octane rating and promoting cleaner combustion.
• Emission Reduction: The oxygen content provided by butanol blends assists in reducing harmful tailpipe emissions, supporting compliance with environmental regulations.
• Alternative Fuel Development: Automotive fuel producers and refiners can use qualified butanol as a renewable, bio-based blendstock, offering a sustainable pathway to lower-carbon fuels.
• Quality Assurance and Procurement: Fuel suppliers, distributors, and regulatory bodies rely on this standard to verify butanol quality, ensuring products meet stringent performance and safety requirements before entering the market.

Related Standards

• ASTM D4814: Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel - provides the baseline requirements for gasoline blends including those containing oxygenates.
• ASTM D7875: Test Method for Determination of Butanol and Acetone Content of Butanol for Blending - used to measure butanol purity as referenced in D7862-21.
• ASTM D7923, E203, E1064: Test Methods for Water Content - essential for maintaining low water levels in butanol blended fuels.
• ASTM D2622, D5453: Methods for Sulfur Determination - controls sulfur-related emissions and ensures component compatibility.
• ASTM D7319: Analysis of Sulfate and Chloride Ions - used to assess trace inorganic impurities in butanol to protect vehicle and fuel system integrity.
• ASTM D1613, D381, D4057, D4177: Test and practice standards for acidity, gum content, sampling, and container usage in petroleum products.

Practical Value

Compliance with ASTM D7862-21 helps fuel producers, regulators, and engine manufacturers ensure the reliability, safety, and environmental performance of gasoline-butanol blends. By specifying detailed quality measures and test procedures, the standard reduces the risk of operational issues such as fuel filter clogging, injector fouling, and engine misfire. Furthermore, supporting the use of bio-butanol aligns with global initiatives for cleaner, renewable automotive fuels.

Keywords: ASTM D7862-21, butanol blending, gasoline butanol blends, automotive spark-ignition engine fuel, oxygenated fuel, bio-butanol, gasoline additives, fuel quality standards, fuel sampling, fuel impurities, alternative fuels.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D7862 −21
Standard Specification for
Butanol for Blending with Gasoline for Use as Automotive
Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7862; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This specification covers butanol intended to be blended
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
with gasoline at 1 % to 12.5 % by volume for use as an
ration
automotive spark-ignition engine fuel.
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
1.1.1 Butanol contains 22 % by mass oxygen. The mass
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
percent of oxygen of a butanol blend with gasoline depends on
ucts by Hydrometer Method
the volume percent of butanol blended, the density of the
D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and
butanol isomer, and the density of the base blendstock.
Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
1.1.2 The maximum limit on blending is not a performance
and Related Products
limit but a current regulatory limit in the United States.
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
1.2 This specification covers three butanol isomers:
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
1-butanol, 2-butanol, and 2-methyl-1-propanol. This specifica-
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
tion specifically excludes 2-methyl-2-propanol (that is, tert-
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
butyl alcohol).
lometry
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
1.2.1 Tert-butyl alcohol has different physical properties
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
(melting point, water miscibility) than the other three isomers.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Petroleum Products
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
standard.
Fuels, and Lubricants
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Petroleum Products
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
Fuel
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.A0 on Gasoline and Oxygenated Fuels. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published April 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D7862 – 19. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7862-21. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7862−21
NOTE 2—Commercial processes used to manufacture butanol from
Measurement System Performance
biological feedstock typically yield some fusel oil or alcohols such as
D7319 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Po-
pentanol and other higher alcohols.
tential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol and
4.1.1 For purposes of determining conformance with these
Butanol by Direct Injection Suppressed Ion Chromatog-
specification limits, an observed value or a calculated value
raphy
shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the right-most
D7875 Test Method for Determination of Butanol and Ac-
significant digit used in expressing the specification limit, in
etone Content of Butanol for Blending with Gasoline by
accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29. For a
Gas Chromatography
specification limit expressed as an integer, a trailing zero is
D7923 Test Method for Water in Ethanol and Hydrocarbon
significantonlyifthedecimalpointisspecified.Foraspecified
Blends by Karl Fischer Titration
limit expressed as an integer, and the right-most digit is
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
non-zero, the right-most digit is significant without a decimal
Determine Conformance with Specifications
point being specified. This convention applies to specified
E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer
limits in Table 1 and will not be observed in the remainder of
Titration
this specification.
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
E1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-
4.2 Other Properties—Limits more restrictive than those
metric Karl Fischer Titration
specified above, or the specification of additional properties
suchascolor,maybeagreeduponbetweenthesupplierandthe
3. Terminology
purchaser.
3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.
5. Workmanship
NOTE 1—The user is advised that the definitions used by various
industries, marketers, and regulatory bodies can differ from those specific
5.1 At the point of custody transfer, the butanol shall be
to this specification. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the
visually free of sediment, suspended and undissolved matter. It
terms used in a particular context are clearly understood.
shall be clear and bright at the fuel temperature at the point of
3.2 Definitions:
custody transfer or at a lower temperature agreed upon by the
3.2.1 butanol, n—butyl alcohol, an alcohol with four
purchaser and seller.
isomers, 1-butanol or n-butanol (CH CH CH CH OH),
3 2 2 2
NOTE 3—Fuel components should be resistant to phase separation or
2-butanol or sec-butanol (CH CH(OH)CH CH ), 2-methyl-1-
3 2 3
undissolved matter at the lowest temperatures to which it is likely to be
propanol or iso-butanol (CH CH(CH )CH OH), and 2-methyl-
3 3 2 subjected, dependent on the time and place of its intended use. See
2-propanol or tert-butanol (CH C(CH )(OH)CH ).
Specification D4814, Table X7.1 for guidance.
3 3 3
NOTE 4—Solubility is temperature dependent. As this fuel component
3.2.2 gasoline, n—a volatile mixture of liquid
cools, water and some high molecular weight additives can become
hydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts of
insoluble.
additives, suitable for use as a fuel in spark-ignition, internal
5.2 The product shall be free of any adulterant or contami-
combustion engines. D4814
nant that can render the material unacceptable for its com-
3.2.3 oxygenate, n—a molecule composed solely of carbon,
monly used applications.
hydrogen, and oxygen. D4814
5.2.1 Manufacturers and importers of butanol shall avoid
3.2.3.1 Discussion—In this standard, the oxygenate of inter- butanol contaminated by silicon-containing materials. Silicon
est is butanol.
contamination of gasoline-oxygenate blends has led to fouled
vehicle components (for example, spark plugs, exhaust oxygen
4. Performance Requirements
sensors, catalytic converters) requiring parts replacement and
repairs.
4.1 Butanol—Butanol shall conform to the requirements
shown in Table 1 at the time of blending with a gasoline. (See 5.2.2 Manufacturers and importers of butanol shall avoid
Note 2.) butanol contaminated by acetone. Acetone contamination of
TABLE 1 Requirements
Property Limit Method
Butanol, % by volume, min 94.0 D7875
1-butanol, % by volume Report D7875
2-butanol, % by volume Report D7875
2-methyl 1-propanol, % by volume Report D7875
Ethanol, % by volume, max 1.0 D7875
Methanol, % by volume, max 0.4 D7875
Water content, % by volume , max 1.0 D7923, E203,or E1064
Acidity (as acetic acid CH COOH), % by mass (mg/L), 0.007 (56) D1613
max
Inorganic Chloride, mg/kg (mg/L), max 8 (6) D7319
Solvent-washed gum, mg/100 mL, max 5.0 D381
Sulfur, mg/kg, max 30. D2622, D5453
Existent sulfate, mg/kg, max 4. D7319
D7862−21
gasoline-oxygenate blends can degrade elastomers used in fuel which it is delivered. If this definition does not apply, the
system components as well as paint and/or clearcoat finishes definition of a lot shall be agreed upon between the supplier
used on vehicles. and purchaser.
5.2.3 The majority of the trace component found in butanol NOTE 5—See S
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7862 − 19 D7862 − 21
Standard Specification for
Butanol for Blending with Gasoline for Use as Automotive
Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7862; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers butanol intended to be blended with gasoline at 1 % to 12.5 % by volume for use as an automotive
spark-ignition engine fuel.
1.1.1 Butanol contains 22 % by mass oxygen. The mass percent of oxygen of a butanol blend with gasoline depends on the volume
percent of butanol blended, the density of the butanol isomer, and the density of the base blendstock.
1.1.2 The maximum limit on blending is not a performance limit but a current regulatory limit in the United States.
1.2 This specification covers three butanol isomers:1-butanol, isomers: 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and 2-methyl-1-propanol. This
specification specifically excludes 2-methyl-2-propanol (that is, tert-butyl alcohol).
1.2.1 Tert-butyl alcohol has different physical properties (melting point, water miscibility) than the other three isomers.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
Products
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.A0 on Gasoline and Oxygenated Fuels.
Current edition approved May 1, 2019April 1, 2021. Published May 2019April 2021. Originally approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 20182019 as
D7862 – 18.D7862 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/D7862-19.10.1520/D7862-21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7862 − 21
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,
and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D7319 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol and Butanol by
Direct Injection Suppressed Ion Chromatography
D7875 Test Method for Determination of Butanol and Acetone Content of Butanol for Blending with Gasoline by Gas
Chromatography
D7923 Test Method for Water in Ethanol and Hydrocarbon Blends by Karl Fischer Titration
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
E1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
3. Terminology
3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.
NOTE 1—The user is advised that the definitions used by various industries, marketers, and regulatory bodies can differ from those specific to this
specification. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the terms used in a particular context are clearly understood.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 butanol, n—butyl alcohol, an alcohol with four isomers, 1-butanol or n-butanol (CH CH CH CH OH), 2-butanol or
3 2 2 2
sec-butanol (CH CH(OH)CH CH ), 2-methyl-1-propanol or iso-butanol (CH CH(CH )CH OH), and 2-methyl-2-propanol or
3 2 3 3 3 2
tert-butanol (CH C(CH )(OH)CH ).
3 3 3
3.2.2 gasoline, n—a volatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts of additives, suitable for use as
a fuel in spark-ignition, internal combustion engines. D4814
3.2.3 oxygenate, n—an oxygen-containing, ashless, organic compound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used as a fuel
or fuel supplement.a molecule composed solely of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. D4814
3.2.3.1 Discussion—
In this standard, the oxygenate of interest is butanol.
4. Performance Requirements
4.1 Butanol—Butanol shall conform to the requirements shown in Table 1 at the time of blending with a gasoline. (See Note 2.)
NOTE 2—Commercial processes used to manufacture butanol from biological feedstock typically yield some fusel oil or alcohols such as pentanol and
other higher alcohols.
4.1.1 For purposes of determining conformance with these specification limits, an observed value or a calculated value shall be
rounded “to the nearest unit” in the right-most significant digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the
rounding method of Practice E29. For a specification limit expressed as an integer, a trailing zero is significant only if the decimal
point is specified. For a specified limit expressed as an integer, and the right-most digit is non-zero, the right-most digit is
significant without a decimal point being specified. This convention applies to specified limits in Table 1 and will not be observed
in the remainder of this specification.
D7862 − 21
TABLE 1 Requirements
Property Limit Method
Butanol, % by volume, min 94.0 D7875
1-butanol, % by volume Report D7875
2-butanol, % by volume Report D7875
2-methyl 1-propanol, % by volume Report D7875
Ethanol, % by volume, max 1.0 D7875
Methanol, % by volume, max 0.4 D7875
Water content, % by volume , max 1.0 D7923, E203, or E1064
Acidity (as acetic acid CH COOH), % by mass (mg/L), 0.007 (56) D1613
max
Inorganic Chloride, mg/kg (mg/L), max 8 (6) D7319
Solvent-washed gum, mg/100 mL, max 5.0 D381
Sulfur, mg/kg, max 30. D2622, D5453
Existent sulfate, mg/kg, max 4. D7319
4.2 Other Properties—Limits more restrictive than those specified above, or the specification of additional properties such as
color, may be agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser.
5. Workmanship
5.1 At the point of custody transfer, the butanol shall be visually free of sediment, suspended and undissolved matter. It shall be
clear and bright at the fuel temperature at the point of custody transfer or at a lower temperature agreed upon by the purchaser and
seller.
NOTE 3—Fuel components should be resistant to phase separation or undissolved matter at the lowest temperatures to which it is likely to be subjected,
dependent on the time and place of its intended use. See Specification D4814, Table X7.1 for guidance.
NOTE 4—Solubility is temperature dependent. As this fuel component cools, water and some high molecular weight additives can become insoluble.
5.2 The product shall be free of any adulterant or contaminant that can render the material unacceptable for its commonly used
applications.
5.2.1 Manufacturers and importers of butanol shall avoid butanol contaminated by silicon-containing materials. Silicon
contamination of gasoline-oxygenate blends has led to fouled vehicle components (for example, spark plugs, exhaust oxygen
sensors, catalytic converters) requiring parts replacement and repairs.
5.2.2 Manufacturers and importers of butanol shall avoid butanol contaminated by acetone. Acetone contamination of
gasoline-oxygenate blends can degrade elastomers used in fuel system components as well as paint and/or clearcoat finishes used
on vehicles.
5.2.3 The majority of the trace component found in butanol is fusel alcohol with the major one being isoamyl alcohol.
6. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling
6.1 The user is strongly advised to review all intended test methods prior to sampling to understand the importance and effects
of sampling technique, proper
...